The Potential Role of Auxin and Abscisic Acid Balance and FtARF2 in the Final Size Determination of Tartary Buckwheat Fruit

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 19; no. 9; p. 2755
• Main Authors: Liu, Moyang, Ma, Zhaotang, Zheng, Tianrun, Wang, Jing, Huang, Li, Sun, Wenjun, Zhang, Yanjun, Jin, Weiqiong, Zhan, Junyi, Cai, Yuntao, Tang, Yujia, Wu, Qi, Tang, Zizhong, Bu, Tongliang, Li, Chenglei, Chen, Hui, Zhao, Gang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 13-09-2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Abscisic acid; Abscisic Acid - metabolism; Agricultural production; ARF2; auxin; Buckwheat; Cell cycle; Cell division; Cell Division - physiology; Embryogenesis; Embryos; Fagopyrum - metabolism; Fagopyrum tataricum; Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn; Flowers & plants; Fruit - metabolism; fruit size; Fruits; Gene expression; Genetic modification; Genome editing; Genomes; Hormones; Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism; Kinases; Plant Proteins - metabolism; polygonaceae; Polygonaceae - metabolism; Proteins; SAURs; Senescence; Signal transduction; Size determination; Sperm; China; polygonaceae; fruit size; ARF2; embryogenesis; auxin; Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn; SAURs; cell division; abscisic acid
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092755

Tartary buckwheat is a type of cultivated medicinal and edible crop with good economic and nutritional value. Knowledge of the final fruit size of buckwheat is critical to its yield increase. In this study, the fruit development of two species of Tartary buckwheat in the
was analyzed. During fruit development, the size/weight, the contents of auxin (AUX)/abscisic acid (ABA), the number of cells, and the changes of embryo were measured and observed; and the two fruit materials were compared to determine the related mechanisms that affected fruit size and the potential factors that regulated the final fruit size. The early events during embryogenesis greatly influenced the final fruit size, and the difference in fruit growth was primarily due to the difference in the number of cells, implicating the effect of cell division rate. Based on our observations and recent reports, the balance of AUX and ABA might be the key factor that regulated the cell division rate. They induced the response of auxin response factor 2 (
) and downstream small auxin upstream RNA (
) through hormone signaling pathway to regulate the fruit size of Tartary buckwheat. Further, through the induction of fruit expansion by exogenous auxin,
was significantly downregulated. The
is a potential target for molecular breeding or gene editing.