Rainbow Trout Red Blood Cells Exposed to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Up-Regulate Antigen-Processing Mechanisms and MHC I&II, CD86, and CD83 Antigen-presenting Cell Markers

• Published in: Cells (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 8; no. 5; p. 386
• Main Authors: Nombela, Ivan, Requena-Platek, Ricardo, Morales-Lange, Byron, Chico, Veronica, Puente-Marin, Sara, Ciordia, Sergio, Mena, Maria Carmen, Coll, Julio, Perez, Luis, Mercado, Luis, Ortega-Villaizan, Maria Del Mar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 27-04-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Antigen presentation; Antigen Presentation - genetics; Antigen Presentation - immunology; Antigen processing; Antigen-presenting cells; Antigen-Presenting Cells - cytology; Antigen-Presenting Cells - immunology; Antigens, CD - analysis; Antigens, CD - immunology; Autophagosomes - drug effects; Autophagosomes - immunology; Autophagosomes - virology; Autophagy; Autophagy - drug effects; Autophagy - immunology; B7-2 Antigen - analysis; B7-2 Antigen - immunology; Biomarkers - analysis; CD83 Antigen; CD86 antigen; Degradation; Erythroblasts - immunology; Erythroblasts - virology; Erythrocytes; Hemorrhage; Hemorrhagic septicemia; Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Viral - genetics; Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Viral - immunology; Hemorrhagic Septicemia, Viral - virology; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I - analysis; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I - immunology; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - analysis; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II - immunology; Immunoglobulins - analysis; Immunoglobulins - immunology; Major histocompatibility complex; Membrane Glycoproteins - analysis; Membrane Glycoproteins - immunology; N protein; Niclosamide; Niclosamide - pharmacology; Novirhabdovirus - immunology; Nucleocapsid Proteins; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Oncorhynchus mykiss - immunology; Oncorhynchus mykiss - virology; Phagocytosis; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex - drug effects; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex - metabolism; Proteasomes; Proteolysis; Proteomics; Septicemia; Sequestosome-1 Protein - metabolism; Transcription; Trout; Ubiquitination; Viral infections; Viruses; Zebrafish; United States > US; Spain; red blood cells; autophagy; erythrocytes; antigen presentation; rainbow trout; ubiquitination; transcriptome; VHSV; proteome
• ISSN: 2073-4409; 2073-4409
• DOI: 10.3390/cells8050386

Nucleated teleost red blood cells (RBCs) are known to express molecules from the major histocompatibility complex and peptide-generating processes such as autophagy and proteasomes, but the role of RBCs in antigen presentation of viruses have not been studied yet. In this study, RBCs exposed ex vivo to viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) were evaluated by means of transcriptomic and proteomic approaches. Genes and proteins related to antigen presentation molecules, proteasome degradation, and autophagy were up-regulated. VHSV induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in ex vivo VHSV-exposed RBCs and showed at the same time a decrease of proteasome activity. Furthermore, induction of autophagy was detected by evaluating LC3 protein levels. Sequestosome-1/p62 underwent degradation early after VHSV exposure, and it may be a link between ubiquitination and autophagy activation. Inhibition of autophagosome degradation with niclosamide resulted in intracellular detection of N protein of VHSV (NVHSV) and p62 accumulation. In addition, antigen presentation cell markers, such as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I & II, CD83, and CD86, increased at the transcriptional and translational level in rainbow trout RBCs exposed to VHSV. In summary, we show that nucleated rainbow trout RBCs can degrade VHSV while displaying an antigen-presenting cell (APC)-like profile.