A histological assessment on the distribution of the osteocytic lacunar canalicular system using silver staining

• Published in: Journal of bone and mineral metabolism Vol. 25; no. 6; pp. 374 - 382
• Main Authors: HIROSE, Satoshi, MINQI LI, KOJIMA, Taku, LUIZ DE FREITAS, Paulo Henrique, UBAIDUS, Sobhan, ODA, Kimimitsu, SAITO, Chikara, AMIZUKA, Norio
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Tokyo Springer 01-11-2007; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acid Phosphatase - metabolism; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Bones; Femur - cytology; Femur - embryology; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Haversian System - cytology; Isoenzymes - metabolism; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Osteoblasts - cytology; Osteoclasts - cytology; Osteoclasts - enzymology; Osteocytes - cytology; Osteoprotegerin - deficiency; Silver Staining - methods; Skeleton and joints; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase; Vertebrates: osteoarticular system, musculoskeletal system; Silver; Animal; lacunar canalicular system; Lacrimal canaliculus; Right; Bone trabeculae; Bone remodeling; Bone matrix; Osteocyte; osteoprotegerin; Cortical bone
• ISSN: 0914-8779; 1435-5604
• DOI: 10.1007/s00774-007-0764-x

Giving the complexity that characterizes the mechanisms of bone remodeling and the number of events that have to be in absolute harmony for it to occur flawlessly, the postulation that temporospatial distribution of osteocytes and their lacunar canalicular system might influence and be influenced by bone remodeling can be regarded, at least, as feasible. In this study, using Schoen's silver staining, we have examined the distribution of the osteocytic lacunar canalicular system (OLCS) in bones of developing mice. Trabecular bones of 3-day-old, 2-week-old, and 3-week-old mice displayed osteocytic cytoplasmic processes without any perceptible alignment. Also, many plump osteocytes were embedded in the mineralized bone matrix in a disorderly manner. At 4 weeks of age, however, mice bones showed some osteocytic processes that reached the bone surface on a right angle, while other osteocytes displayed the same features seen on 3-week specimens. Samples at 8 weeks of age featured osteocytes with their usual spindle shape, organized so as to parallel the longitudinal axis of trabecular bone. They also extended their cytoplasmic processes perpendicularly to the bone surface. However, several osteocytes immersed in older bone, i.e., a residual mix of cartilage and bone matrices, still showed a random pattern of distribution of their cytoplasmic processes. Up to 12 weeks of age, the majority of the osteocytes became flattened and were shown to be aligned with their long axis paralleling the bone surface. This tendency for such a gradual arrangement was also observed in cortical bones. We have further demonstrated that 8-week-old osteoprotegerin-deficient mice, which demonstrated histological evidence of higher than average bone turnover, revealed a disorganized OLCS. Given the data gathered in this work, the OLCS appears to assume an organized, probably function-related spatial distribution as normal bone remodeling goes on.