Deprivation and segregation in ovarian cancer survival among African American women: a mediation analysis

• Published in: Annals of epidemiology Vol. 86; pp. 57 - 64
• Main Authors: Lawson, Andrew B., Kim, Joanne, Johnson, Courtney, Hastert, Theresa, Bandera, Elisa V., Alberg, Anthony J., Terry, Paul, Akonde, Maxwell, Mandle, Hannah, Cote, Michele L., Bondy, Melissa, Marks, Jeffrey, Peres, Lauren, Ratnapradipa, Kendra L., Xin, Yao, Schildkraut, Joellen, Peters, Edward S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-10-2023
• Subjects: AACES 1 cohort; Bayes Theorem; Bayesian; Black or African American; Causal mediation; Deprivation indices; Diagnostic delay; Female; Health Status Disparities; Humans; ICE; Income; Mediation Analysis; Ovarian cancer; Ovarian Neoplasms - epidemiology; Ovarian Neoplasms - mortality; Social Deprivation; Social Determinants of Health; Social Segregation; Structural equation; Survival; Survival Rate; Yost; Deprivation indices; AACES 1 cohort; Structural equation; Diagnostic delay; Bayesian; ICE; Causal mediation; Survival; Yost; Ovarian cancer
• ISSN: 1047-2797; 1873-2585; 1873-2585
• DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.07.001

Deprivation and segregation indices are often examined as possible explanations for observed health disparities in population-based studies. In this study, we assessed the role of recognized deprivation and segregation indices specifically as they affect survival in a cohort of self-identified Black women diagnosed with ovarian cancer who enrolled in the African American Cancer Epidemiology Study.
Mediation analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect effects between deprivation or segregation and overall survival via a Bayesian structural equation model with Gibbs variable selection.
The results suggest that high socioeconomic status-related indices have an association with increased survival, ranging from 25% to 56%. In contrast, index of concentration at the extremes-race does not have a significant impact on overall survival. In many cases, the indirect effects have very wide credible intervals; consequently, the total effect is not well estimated despite the estimation of the direct effect.
Our results show that Black women living in higher socioeconomic status neighborhoods are associated with increased survival with ovarian cancer using area-level economic indices such as Yost or index of concentration at the extremes-income. In addition, the Kolak urbanization index has a similar impact and highlights the importance of area-level deprivation and segregation as potentially modifiable social factors in ovarian cancer survival.