Low‐Cost Zeta Potentiometry Using Solute Gradients

• Published in: Advanced materials (Weinheim) Vol. 29; no. 30
• Main Authors: Shin, Sangwoo, Ault, Jesse T., Feng, Jie, Warren, Patrick B., Stone, Howard A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-08-2017
• Subjects: colloids; diffusioosmosis; diffusiophoresis; Electric potential; Electrical measurement; Electrochemistry; Light scattering; Materials science; Measurement techniques; Pharmaceuticals; Potentiometric analysis; Streaming potential; surface charge; Walls; Zeta potential; diffusioosmosis; surface charge; zeta potential; colloids; diffusiophoresis
• ISSN: 0935-9648; 1521-4095
• DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701516

The zeta potential is an electric potential in the Debye screening layer of an electrolyte, which represents a key physicochemical surface property in various fields ranging from electrochemistry to pharmaceuticals. Thus, characterizing the zeta potential is essential for many applications, but available measurement techniques are limited. Electrophoretic light scattering is typically used to measure the zeta potential of particles in suspension, whereas zeta potential measurements of a solid wall in solution rely on either streaming potential or electroosmotic mobility measurement techniques, both of which are expensive and sophisticated. Here, a simple, robust method to simultaneously measure the zeta potential of particles in suspension and solid walls is presented. The method uses solute gradients to induce particle and fluid motions via diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis, respectively, which are both sensitive to the zeta potential of the particle and the wall. By visualizing the particle dynamics, both zeta potentials can be determined independently. Finally, a compact microscope is used to demonstrate low‐cost zeta potentiometry that allows measurement of both particle and wall zeta potentials, which suggests a cost‐effective tool for pharmaceuticals as well as for educational purposes.
A cost‐effective technique for measuring zeta potentials is demonstrated. The method uses solute gradients to induce particle and fluid motions via diffusiophoresis and diffusioosmosis. By visualizing the particle dynamics in a dead‐end space, both zeta potentials for the particles and the walls can be determined independently. The method can be implemented with a low‐cost microscope, which is orders of magnitude less expensive than conventional zeta potentiometers.