Effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of Ginkgo biloba leaves decoction and commercial capsules

• Published in: Acta Pharmaceutica Vol. 72; no. 4; pp. 483 - 507
• Main Authors: Zhou, Yubo, Yang, Yingxin, Ma, Minyan, Xie, Lingyun, Yan, Aijuan, Cao, Wen
• Format: Journal Article Paper
• Language: English
• Published: Poland Sciendo 01-12-2022; De Gruyter Poland; Hrvatsko farmaceutsko društvo
• Subjects: antioxidant property; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - chemistry; bioaccessibility; Bioactive compounds; Bioavailability; Chemical composition; Digestion; Digestive enzymes; Digestive system; Flavonoids; Flavonoids - pharmacology; Gastrointestinal tract; Ginkgo biloba; Ginkgo biloba - chemistry; Ginkgo biloba L; HPLC-MS/MS; in vitro digestion; Intestine; Ions; L; Liquid chromatography; Pharmacodynamics; Phenolic compounds; Phenols; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; Scavenging; Sulfonic acid; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vanillic acid; Ginkgo biloba L; antioxidant property; HPLC-MS/MS; bioaccessibility; chemical composition; in vitro digestion
• ISSN: 1846-9558; 1330-0075; 1846-9558
• DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0033

In this study
leaves (GBL) decoction and commercial capsules were digested using an
model. Thirty-six active compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS analysis based on the MS/MS patterns (precursor ions and product ions) and retention times, in comparison with reference standards. Most compounds in GBL showed a significant decrease during intestinal digestion, with an exception of vanillic acid and biflavonoids. Bioaccessibility values of chemical compositions varied between decoction and capsules samples. Also, significant reductions of total flavonoids and total phenolic content was observed after
digestion. Both, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging capacity decreased after gastric digestion, but increased during intestinal digestion. Nevertheless, different behaviour was observed in reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Compared to the pH of digestion, the influence of digestive enzymes on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of GBL was relatively minor. Overall, these results may help provide a valid foundation for further investigations on bioactive compounds and the pharmacodynamics of GBL.