Perioperative Anesthesia Management for Pregnant Mother with Multivalvular Heart Disease and Moderate Pulmonary Hypertension Who Underwent Caesarean Section, in Resource Limiting Area 2022: A Case Report

• Published in: International medical case reports journal Vol. 16; pp. 311 - 317
• Main Authors: Adare, Oliyad Eshetu, Seife, Minda Abebe, Abate, Lamesgen Geta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 31-05-2023; Dove; Dove Medical Press
• Subjects: Anesthesia; anesthesia management; Bupivacaine; Cardiac patients; Case Report; Cesarean section; Heart; Heart diseases; low dose bupivacaine; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; multivalvular heart disease; Planning; Pregnant women; Pulmonary hypertension; Respiratory agents; transabdominal nerve block; anesthesia management; case report; low dose bupivacaine; multivalvular heart disease; transabdominal nerve block; pulmonary hypertension
• ISSN: 1179-142X; 1179-142X
• DOI: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S405699

As measured by a right heart catheterization, pulmonary hypertension is an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure of more than 25 mmHg at rest or more than 30 mmHg during exercise. Some of the cardiac heart conditions that may develop during pregnancy include severe mitral regurgitation and mild tricuspid regurgitation. Prior to delivery, pregnant patients with pulmonary hypertension and significant multivalvular heart disease need to undergo careful preoperative, multidisciplinary assessment, and anaesthetic planning to maximize cardiac function during the peripartum period and make informed decisions about the delivery mood and anaesthetic technique.
A 30-year-old Para two Gravid three pregnant mother presented with chronic rheumatic heart disease, severe mitral regurgitation, moderate pulmonary hypertension, severe left atrial dilatation, mild aortic regurgitation, and mild tricuspid regurgitation scheduled for elective cesarean section. She had one previous cesarean section four years ago with an indication of fetal macrosomia. Her cardiac condition, however, was moderate mitral regurgitation, mild left atrial dilatation, mild pulmonary hypertension, and no tricuspid or aortic regurgitation. She had continuous follow-ups after diagnosis until now but has not taken any medication.
Anaesthesia management in a patient with severe mitral regurgitation, moderate pulmonary hypertension, severe left atrial dilatation, mild aortic regurgitation, and mild tricuspid regurgitation was challenging in resource limited area. Even if spontaneous delivery is recommended for the patients with cardiac findings, a cesarean delivery will need in the area where limited access to support it. Goal-directed perioperative management with multidisciplinary involvement helps the patient to have a good outcome.