Characterization and biodegradation of paracetamol by biomass of Bacillus licheniformis strain PPY-2 isolated from wastewater

• Published in: Atti della Accademia nazionale dei Lincei. Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze fisiche e naturali Vol. 34; no. 2; pp. 491 - 501
• Main Authors: Chopra, Sunil, Kumar, Dharmender
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 2023; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Analgesics; Bacillus licheniformis; Batch culture; Biodegradation; Biomass; Biomedicine; Bioremediation; Cyclohexanone; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Enrichment media; Environment; Growth rate; History of Science; Life Sciences; Metabolites; Optimization; Oxalic acid; Paracetamol; Phenothiazine; Physics; Research Paper; rRNA 16S; Sewage; Wastewater; Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR); Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS); Biodegradation; strain PPY-2; Paracetamol (acetaminophen, APAP); Bacillus licheniformis strain PPY-2
• ISSN: 2037-4631; 1720-0776; 2385-2623
• DOI: 10.1007/s12210-023-01140-w

Industrialization leads to the entry of diverse xenobiotic compounds into the environment. One such compound is paracetamol (APAP), which is emerging as a pharmaceutical and personal care pollutant (PPCP). In this study, the APAP degrading bacterium was isolated by enrichment culture method from the sewage sample. The microscopy, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyzed the isolate PPY-2, which belongs to
Bacillus licheniformis
, and GenBank assigned accession number MN744328. Physiological and batch culture degradation studies have indicated that the strain involved in the degradation of APAP. The optimum pH for degradation of the PPY-2 was 7.7, whereas the temperature was 25 °C, agitation speed was 142 rpm, and concentration of APAP was 621 mg/L reported, and the optimum temperatures were 42 °C and 32 °C, respectively. Biomass kinetic was studied at optimal physical conditions, which suggested that the specific growth rate (
μ
) was 721 mg/L. The GC–MS chromatogram peaks have detected metabolites, viz., oxalic acid, 2-isopropyl-5-methyl cyclohexanone, and phenothiazine. The study confirmed that
Bacillus licheniformis
strain PPY-2 exhibits metabolic potential to biodegradation APAP and can be further deployed in bioremediation.