Exploring of bacterial blight resistance in landraces and mining of resistant gene(s) using molecular markers and pathogenicity approach

• Published in: Physiology and molecular biology of plants Vol. 28; no. 2; pp. 455 - 469
• Main Authors: Anik, Touhidur Rahman, Nihad, Sheikh Arafat Islam, Hasan, Md. Al-Imran, Hossain, Mohammad Ahasan, Rashid, Md. Mamunur, Khan, Mohammad Ashik Iqbal, Halder, Krishna Pada, Latif, Mohammad Abdul
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Delhi Springer India 01-02-2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Bacteria; Biological and Medical Physics; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biophysics; Blight; Cell Biology; Clusters; Crop production; Disease resistance; Food security; Gene pool; Genes; Genetic variability; Genotypes; Germplasm; Life Sciences; Markers; Pathogenicity; Pathogens; Plant Physiology; Plant Sciences; Research Article; Rice; Strains (organisms); Sustainability management; Xa13 gene; Xa21 gene; Xa5 gene; Pathogenicity test; STS marker; Resistant gene; Landrace; Bacterial blight
• ISSN: 0971-5894; 0974-0430
• DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01139-x

Bacterial blight, one of the oldest and most severe diseases of rice poses a major threat to global rice production and food security. Thereafter, sustainable management of this disease has given paramount importance globally. In the current study, we explored 792 landraces to evaluate their disease reaction status against three highly virulent strains (
BXo69
,
BXo87
and
BXo93
) of
Xanthomonas oryzae
pv
. oryzae
(
Xoo
). Subsequently, we intended to identify the possible candidate resistant (
R
) genes responsible for the resistant reaction using six STS (Sequence Tagged Site) markers correspond to
Xa4
,
xa5
,
Xa7
,
xa13
,
Xa21
and
Xa23
genes and finally, we evaluated morphological variability of the potential bacterial blight resistant germplasm using quantitative traits. Based on pathogenicity test, a single germplasm was found as highly resistant while, 33 germplasm were resistant and 40 were moderately resistant. Further molecular study on these 74 germplasm divulged that 41 germplasm carried
Xa4
gene, 15 carried
xa5
gene, 62 carried
Xa7
gene, 33 carried
xa13
gene, and 19 carried
Xa23
gene. Only a single germplasm found to carry
Xa21
gene. Interestingly, we found a wide range of gene combinations ranged from 2 to 4 genes among the germplasm, where 10 germplasm carried 4 genes, 15 germplasm carried 3 genes and 38 germplasm carried 2 genes of various combinations. Notably, G3 genotype (Acc. No. 4216; highly resistant) having
Xa4
,
Xa7
,
xa13
,
Xa21
and G43 genotype (Acc.No. 1523; resistant) having
Xa4
,
xa5
,
xa13
and
Xa23
gene combination being the most effective against all the
Xoo
strains. Nonetheless, UPGMA dendrogram and heatmap analysis based on quantitative traits identified two clusters viz. cluster-III and cluster-VIII with multiple desired traits. The outcome of this study would enrich and diversify the rice gene pool and would be useful for the development of durable bacterial blight resistant varieties.