Prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with peripheral arterial diseases

• Published in: Sleep & breathing Vol. 24; no. 3; pp. 1035 - 1041
• Main Authors: Szymanski, Filip M., Gorko, Dariusz, Platek, Anna E., Ostrowski, Tomasz, Celejewski, Krzysztof, Chudzinski, Witold, Szymanska, Anna, Stepkowski, Kamil, Rys-Czaporowska, Anna, Semczuk-Kaczmarek, Karolina, Galazka, Zbigniew, Filipiak, Krzysztof J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-09-2020; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Apnea; Atherosclerosis; Body mass index; Cardiovascular diseases; Carotid artery; Dentistry; Internal Medicine; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Neurology; Otorhinolaryngology; Pediatrics; Pneumology/Respiratory System; Population studies; Risk factors; Sleep; Sleep apnea; Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original; Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article; Sleep disorders; Peripheral arterial diseases; Obstructive sleep apnea; Epidemiology; Atherosclerosis
• ISSN: 1520-9512; 1522-1709
• DOI: 10.1007/s11325-019-01950-z

Background
The presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a novel cardiovascular risk factor, contributes to the development of peripheral arterial diseases (PAD). There is a lack of data showing how often these diseases coexist.
Aims
The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of OSA in the population of patients with PAD.
Methods
Patients previously qualified for the first revascularization due to PAD were included in the study. All patients underwent an overnight sleep study to detect OSA. Diagnosis of OSA was made when the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was ≥5 per hour.
Results
From 141 patients (60% men, age 69.6 ± 9.5 years), OSA was diagnosed in 68 patients (48%). OSA occurred in mild form (5 ≤ AHI < 15/h) in 39 cases (28%), in moderate form (15 ≤ AHI < 30/h) in 21 cases (15%), and in severe form (AHI ≥ 30/h) in 8 cases (6%). Patients without OSA had significantly lower body mass index (BMI; 26.9 ± 5.5 vs. 27.7 ± 5.3 kg/m
2
,
p
= 0.01) and lower hip circumference (97.4 ± 11.7 vs. 98.7 ± 7.4,
p
= 0.04). There were no differences in the distribution of other investigated cardiovascular risk factors and diseases between these groups. There were no significant differences in OSA distribution or its severity between patients with lower extremity artery disease and carotid artery disease.
Conclusions
The prevalence of OSA in patients with PAD is very high, affecting nearly half of the studied population.