A multigene and morphological analysis expands the diversity of the seabod shrimp Xiphopenaeus Smith, 1869 (Decapoda: Penaeidae), with descriptions of two new species

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 15281
• Main Authors: Carvalho-Batista, Abner, Terossi, Mariana, Zara, Fernando J., Mantelatto, Fernando L., Costa, Rogerio C.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 25-10-2019; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 14/28; 45/23; 704/158/670; 704/844/685; Animals; Arthropod Proteins - genetics; Atlantic Ocean; Cryptic species; Decapoda; Electron Transport Complex IV - genetics; Female; Genetic Variation; Geography; Humanities and Social Sciences; Light microscopy; Male; Microscopy; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Morphology; multidisciplinary; New species; Oceans; Pacific Ocean; Penaeidae - classification; Penaeidae - genetics; Penaeidae - ultrastructure; Phylogeny; Physical characteristics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics; Scanning electron microscopy; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Secondary sexual characters; Shellfish; Species Specificity; Taxonomy; Xiphopenaeus; Atlantic Ocean; Pacific Ocean
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51484-3

After being stable for nearly a century, the taxonomic history of the genus
Xiphopenaeus
has been marked by many changes in the last three decades. The taxonomic status of the Atlantic species has a low resolution, and many species are still undefined and grouped as cryptic species. Here we employed an integrative approach to define the species of
Xiphopenaeus
and the morphological characters needed to differentiate them. We combined the analyses of two molecular markers (COI and 16 S rDNA), scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Based on specimens from 17 localities from the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, we detected five divergent genetic groups, three in the Atlantic (A1, A2, A3) and two in the Pacific (P1, P2). Male secondary sexual characters were able to differentiate four out of the five genetic groups. Group A1 corresponds to
X. kroyeri
, and A2 and A3 correspond to new species. We redescribed the genus and two new species are described and illustrated:
Xiphopenaeus dincao
nov. sp. (A2) and
Xiphopenaeus baueri
nov. sp. (A3). Since the holotype of
X. riveti
was missing and the specimen analysed from group P2 was a female, the status of the species of
Xiphopenaeus
from the Pacific remains unresolved.