Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and the Gut-Liver Axis: Exploring an Undernutrition Perspective

• Published in: Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943) Vol. 162; no. 7; pp. 1858 - 1875.e2
• Main Authors: Bauer, Kylynda C., Littlejohn, Paula T., Ayala, Victoria, Creus-Cuadros, Anna, Finlay, B. Brett
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-06-2022
• Subjects: Gut Microbiome; Gut-Liver Axis; Malnutrition; NAFLD; Undernutrition; FXR; NAFLD; MND; Gut-Liver Axis; SIBO; Gut Microbiome; Undernutrition; LPS; MBG; TLR; Malnutrition; MDCF; BMI; DSS; EED; PUFA; rRNA; FMT; NASH; SCFA; TGR5; RUTFs; ROS; LMIC; MAL; SAM
• ISSN: 0016-5085; 1528-0012
• DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.058

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic condition affecting one quarter of the global population. Although primarily linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome, undernutrition and the altered (dysbiotic) gut microbiome influence NAFLD progression. Both undernutrition and NAFLD prevalence are predicted to considerably increase, but how the undernourished gut microbiome contributes to hepatic pathophysiology remains far less studied. Here, we present undernutrition conditions with fatty liver features, including kwashiorkor and micronutrient deficiency. We then review the gut microbiota-liver axis, highlighting key pathways linked to NAFLD progression within both overnutrition and undernutrition. To conclude, we identify challenges and collaborative possibilities of emerging multiomic research addressing the pathology and treatment of undernourished NAFLD.