Modelling intestinal inflammation and infection using ‘mini-gut’ organoids

In 2020, major advances to the understanding of gastrointestinal inflammatory and infectious disease have been made using ‘mini-gut’ organoids. Key findings include the discovery of somatic inflammatory gene mutations in ulcerative colitis epithelium, a unique mutational signature in colorectal canc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology Vol. 18; no. 2; pp. 89 - 90
Main Author:	Li, Vivian S. W.
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01-02-2021 Nature Publishing Group
Subjects:	631/1647/767/2199 631/208/2489/144 Biomedicine Colitis, Ulcerative - genetics Colitis, Ulcerative - microbiology Colitis, Ulcerative - physiopathology Colorectal cancer Colorectal carcinoma Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics Colorectal Neoplasms - microbiology Colorectal Neoplasms - physiopathology COVID-19 - genetics Digestive system E coli Epithelium Escherichia coli Escherichia coli - isolation & purification Escherichia coli Infections - genetics Escherichia coli Infections - physiopathology Gastroenterology Gastrointestinal tract Genotoxicity Hepatology Humans Infections Infections - genetics Infections - virology Infectious diseases Inflammation Inflammation - genetics Inflammation - virology Inflammatory bowel diseases Interleukin 17 Interleukin-17 - genetics Intestine Intestines - physiopathology Medicine Medicine & Public Health Models, Biological Mutation Organoids Organoids - physiopathology SARS-CoV-2 - isolation & purification Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Ulcerative colitis Year in Review
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Summary:	In 2020, major advances to the understanding of gastrointestinal inflammatory and infectious disease have been made using ‘mini-gut’ organoids. Key findings include the discovery of somatic inflammatory gene mutations in ulcerative colitis epithelium, a unique mutational signature in colorectal cancer caused by genotoxic Escherichia coli , and infection of intestinal organoids by SARS-CoV-2. Key advances Evolution of somatic inflammatory gene mutations targeting IL-17 signalling occurs during chronic tissue inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis 3 . A distinct mutational signature caused by exposure to genotoxic colibactin-producing pks + Escherichia coli is found in a subset of colorectal cancers 5 . Active SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication is possible in human and bat intestinal organoids 7 .
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1759-5045 1759-5053
DOI:	10.1038/s41575-020-00391-4