Effects of 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol on Clarias batrachus: a biomarkers approach

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 29; no. 31; pp. 47011 - 47024
• Main Authors: Mukherjee, Dip, Ferreira, Nuno G. C., Saha, Nimai Chandra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-07-2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: 17β-Estradiol; 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol; Aquatic environment; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Catfish; Chlorophenol; Clarias batrachus; Condition factor; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Erythrocytes; Growth hormones; Growth rate; Hemoglobin; Leukocytes; Market value; Parameters; Research Article; Serum proteins; Sex hormones; Testosterone; Toxicity; Toxicity testing; Trichlorophenol; Trichlorophenols; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; IBR; Physiological parameters; Reproduction impact; Chlorophenols
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19213-y

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) is a common waste among the resulting chlorophenols generated in the production of common products classified as an extremely toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and highly persistent xenobiotic in the environment. To evaluate the impact of 2,4,6-TCP in aquatic systems, the catfish species
Clarias batrachus
has been selected to test its toxicity due to its high market value and consumption in India. Here is presented the impact of this compound on different physiological parameters of fish: haematological parameters (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count and mean corpuscular haemoglobin), biochemical parameters (total serum protein and total serum glucose), growth and reproductive parameters (condition factor, hepatosomatic index, maturity index, specific growth rate, growth hormone, 17β-estradiol and testosterone), exposed to two concentrations of 2,4,6-TCP (0.5 mg/L and 1 mg/L — 1/10th and 1/20th of the LC
50
) for a period of 15, 30 and 45 days. The results showed that
C. batrachus
even when exposed to the lower concentration (0.5 mg/L) for the shortest time (15 days) negatively impacted the organism in all the assessed parameters. This was highlighted by the Integrated Biomarker Response index (IBR), showing worse scores for the treatments (up to 20 × worse than the control). This work highlights the importance of continued research on the impact of 2,4,6-TCP, on an important commercial, supported by the high environmental persistence of this compound that can reach the same range of tested concentrations.