Drosophila multicopper oxidase 3 is a potential ferroxidase involved in iron homeostasis

• Published in: Biochimica et biophysica acta. General subjects Vol. 1862; no. 8; pp. 1826 - 1834
• Main Authors: Wang, Xudong, Yin, Sai, Yang, Zhihao, Zhou, Bing
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01-08-2018
• Subjects: Drosophila melanogaster; Ferroxidase; Iron homeostasis; Multicopper oxidase 3; Iron homeostasis; Multicopper oxidase 3; Ferroxidase; Drosophila melanogaster
• ISSN: 0304-4165; 1872-8006
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.04.017

Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are a specific group of enzymes that contain multiple copper centers through which different substrates are oxidized. Main members of MCO family include ferroxidases, ascorbate oxidases, and laccases. MCO type of ferroxidases is key to iron transport across the plasma membrane. In Drosophila, there are four potential multicopper oxidases, MCO1–4. No convincing evidence has been presented so far to indicate any of these, or even any insect multicopper oxidase, to be a ferroxidase. Here we show Drosophila MCO3 (dMCO3) is highly likely a bona fide ferroxidase. In vitro activity assay with insect-cell-expressed dMCO3 demonstrated it has potent ferroxidase activity. Meanwhile, the ascorbate oxidase and laccase activities of dMCO3 are much less significant. dMCO3 expression in vivo, albeit at low levels, appears mostly extracellular, reminiscent of mammalian ceruloplasmin in the serum. A null dMCO3 mutant, generated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology, showed disrupted iron homeostasis, evidenced by increased iron level and reduced metal importer Mvl expression. Notably, dMCO3-null flies phenotypically are largely normal at normal or iron stressed-conditions. We speculate the likely existence of a similar iron efflux apparatus as the mammalian ferroportin/ferroxidase in Drosophila. However, its importance to fly iron homeostasis is greatly minimized, which is instead dominated by another iron efflux avenue mediated by the ZIP13-ferritin axis along the ER/Golgi secretion pathway.
•Drosophila MCO3 (dMCO3) is associated with potent in vitro ferroxidase activity.•dMCO3 lacks significant laccase and ascorbate oxidase activities.•dMCO3 deletion results in altered iron metabolism.•dMCO3 mutant has no significant survival defects.