Characterization of Volatile and Flavonoid Composition of Different Cuts of Dried Onion ( Allium cepa L.) by HS-SPME-GC-MS, HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF and HPLC-DAD

• Published in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 25; no. 2; p. 408
• Main Authors: Cecchi, Lorenzo, Ieri, Francesca, Vignolini, Pamela, Mulinacci, Nadia, Romani, Annalisa
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 18-01-2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Antimicrobial agents; Chemical composition; Chromatography; Drying; Drying ovens; Flakes; Flavonoids; food ingredient; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gas chromatography; Headspace; High performance liquid chromatography; Liquid chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Nutrients; Nutrition; onion flakes; onion rings; Onions; Organic compounds; phenolic compounds; Shelf life; Solid phases; Sulfur; Sulfur compounds; Vegetables; VOCs; volatile compounds; Volatile organic compounds; China; food ingredient; onion rings; onion flakes; phenolic compounds; volatile compounds; flavonoids; sulfur compounds
• ISSN: 1420-3049; 1420-3049
• DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020408

Onion is widely used worldwide in various forms for both food and medicinal applications, thanks to its high content of phytonutrients, such as flavonoids and volatile sulfur compounds. Fresh onion is very perishable and drying is widely applied for extending shelf-life, thus obtaining a very easy-to-use functional food ingredient. The flavonoid and volatile fractions of different onion cuts (flakes, rings) prepared through different drying cycles in a static oven, were characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector HPLC-DAD, Head Space-Solid Phase Micro Extraction followed by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) and Head-Space Solid Phase Micro Extraction followed by comprehensive two-dimensional Gas-Chromatography (HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF). Onion flakes showed a significantly higher flavonoid content (3.56 mg g
) than onion rings (2.04 mg g
). Onion flakes showed greater amount of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (127.26 mg g
) than onion rings (42.79 mg g
), with different relative amounts of di- and trisulfides-disulfides largely predominate the volatile fraction (amounts over 60% on the total volatile content), followed by trisulfides and dipropyl disulfide and dipropyl trisulfide were the most abundant VOCs. HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF allowed for the detection of the presence of allylthiol, diethanol sulfide, 4,6-diethyl1,2,3,5-tetrathiolane, not detected by HS-SPME-GC-MS, and provided a fast and direct visualization and comparison of different samples. These results highlight different nutraceutical properties of dried onion samples processed otherwise, only differing in shape and size, thus pointing out potentially different uses as functional ingredients.