The effect of intra-nasal tetra sodium pyrophosphate on decreasing elevated nasal calcium and improving olfactory function post COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial

• Published in: Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology Vol. 18; no. 1; pp. 1 - 67
• Main Authors: Abdelazim, Mohamed H., Abdelazim, Ahmed H., Moneir, Waleed
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central 04-08-2022; BMC
• Subjects: Adenosine; Analytical chemistry; Calcium; Chelating agent; Chemical compounds; Chloride; Clinical trials; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Electrodes; Infections; Neurons; Odors; Olfaction disorders; Olfactory disorder; Patients; Pharmaceuticals; Pharmacy; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Sodium; Tetra sodium pyrophosphate; Egypt
• ISSN: 1710-1492; 1710-1484; 1710-1492
• DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00711-0

Abstract
Background
Olfactory dysfunction is recognized as a symptom of COVID-19. Reports revealed the nasal calcium increase has adverse effects on olfactory function. Tetra sodium pyrophosphate, a chelating agent, can bind calcium and help improve olfaction.
Methods
Sixty-four patients with olfactory dysfunction persisting for more than 90 days after COVID-19 were recruited. Participants were divided into 2 groups that received either 0.9% sodium chloride or 1% tetra sodium pyrophosphate for topical application. Olfactory function was tested with the Sniffin' Sticks test before treatment and 1 month later. In addition, nasal calcium was determined with an ion-selective electrode.
Results
After topical application of tetra sodium pyrophosphate compared to sodium chloride, improvement from anosmia to hyposmia with decrease in calcium level was demonstrated. As for the results of tetra-sodium pyrophosphate, 81% showed improved olfactory function and 19% did not exhibit olfaction improvement.
Conclusions
Intranasal application of tetra sodium pyrophosphate may be associated with improvement in olfactory function after COVID -19 infection.
Trial registration
Ethical Committee of Damietta Faculty of Medicine approved this study on January 2021 (approval number, IRB 00012367-21-03-010).