Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ecklonia cava Extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages and a Periodontitis Rat Model

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 11; no. 5; p. 1143
• Main Authors: Kim, Seonyoung, Choi, Soo-Im, Kim, Gun-Hee, Imm, Jee-Young
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 22-05-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: alveolar bone loss; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Cyclooxygenase 2 - genetics; Cytokines - genetics; Disease Models, Animal; Ecklonia cava extract; Gene Expression - drug effects; Gum disease; heme oxygenase-1; Inflammation - genetics; ligature-induced periodontitis; Lipopolysaccharides; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology; Macrophages - drug effects; Macrophages - metabolism; Male; Mice; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II - genetics; Periodontitis - drug therapy; Phaeophyceae - chemistry; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Porphyromonas gingivalis - chemistry; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RAW 264.7 Cells; Porphyromonas gingivalis; alveolar bone loss; heme oxygenase-1; Ecklonia cava extract; ligature-induced periodontitis
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu11051143

, an edible marine brown alga (Laminariaceae), is a rich source of phlorotannins. This study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of
ethanol extract (ECE, dieckol 10.6%,
/
) on
lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells and in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E
were decreased by more than half on treatment with 100 μg/mL ECE. Downregulated tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 gene expression confirmed the anti-inflammatory properties of ECE. ECE treatment upregulated heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression by 6.3-fold and increased HO-1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) signaling decreased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation. ECE administration (400 mg/kg) significantly reduced gingival index, restricted tooth mobility, and prevented alveolar bone loss (
< 0.05). These beneficial effects were due to decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, IL-1β production, and matrix metalloproteinase expression in gingival tissues. The ratio of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin, a biomarker of periodontitis and osteolysis, was significantly decreased by ECE administration (
< 0.05). Thus, ECE has potential therapeutic effects for the alleviation of periodontal disease.