Cellular Signal Transductions and Their Inhibitors Derived from Deep-Sea Organisms

• Published in: Marine drugs Vol. 19; no. 4; p. 205
• Main Authors: Wang, Liyan, Umezawa, Kazuo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 05-04-2021; MDPI
• Subjects: 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT protein; anti-inflammatory agent; Anti-inflammatory agents; anticancer agent; Anticancer properties; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial agents; Antitumor agents; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Bioactive compounds; bioactive metabolite; Bioassays; Biodegradation; Biological activity; Biomedical materials; Blood; Cancer therapies; cellular signal transduction; Chemotherapy; Cytoplasm; Deep sea; Deep sea environments; Deep water; deep-sea organisms; Diabetes; Disease; Diseases; Enzymes; Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; Growth factors; Hormones; Inflammation; Inhibitors; Kinases; Leukemia; Ligands; Metabolic disorders; Metabolic pathways; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolites; Microorganisms; Modulators; Molecular weight; NF-κB protein; Organisms; Phagocytosis; Physiology; Proteasomes; Protein-tyrosine kinase; Proteins; Review; Signal transduction; Signalling systems; Smad protein; Soil chemistry; Soil microorganisms; Symptoms; Transcription factors; Tyrosine; Ubiquitin; cellular signal transduction; bioactive metabolite; deep-sea organisms; anticancer agent; anti-inflammatory agent
• ISSN: 1660-3397; 1660-3397
• DOI: 10.3390/md19040205

Not only physiological phenomena but also pathological phenomena can now be explained by the change of signal transduction in the cells of specific tissues. Commonly used cellular signal transductions are limited. They consist of the protein-tyrosine kinase dependent or independent Ras-ERK pathway, and the PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT, SMAD, and NF-κB-activation pathways. In addition, biodegradation systems, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway and autophagy, are also important for physiological and pathological conditions. If we can control signaling for each by a low-molecular-weight agent, it would be possible to treat diseases in new ways. At present, such cell signaling inhibitors are mainly looked for in plants, soil microorganisms, and the chemical library. The screening of bioactive metabolites from deep-sea organisms should be valuable because of the high incidence of finding novel compounds. Although it is still an emerging field, there are many successful examples, with new cell signaling inhibitors. In this review, we would like to explain the current view of the cell signaling systems important in diseases, and show the inhibitors found from deep-sea organisms, with their structures and biological activities. These inhibitors are possible candidates for anti-inflammatory agents, modulators of metabolic syndromes, antimicrobial agents, and anticancer agents.