Effect of Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Olive Oil Intake during Pregnancy on Risk of Small for Gestational Age Infants

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 10; no. 9; p. 1234
• Main Authors: Martínez-Galiano, Juan Miguel, Olmedo-Requena, Rocío, Barrios-Rodríguez, Rocío, Amezcua-Prieto, Carmen, Bueno-Cavanillas, Aurora, Salcedo-Bellido, Inmaculada, Jimenez-Moleon, Jose J, Delgado-Rodríguez, Miguel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 05-09-2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Adult; Birth Weight; Case-Control Studies; Confidence intervals; Diet Surveys; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary intake; Feeding Behavior; Female; Gestational Age; Health risk assessment; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Infants; Logistic Models; maternal nutrition; Mediterranean diet; Odds Ratio; Oils & fats; Olea - chemistry; Olive oil; Olive Oil - pharmacology; physiological phenomena; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications - prevention & control; Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Preventive medicine; Regression analysis; Risk; Risk Factors; Risk management; Risk reduction; Small for gestational age; Spain; Statistical analysis; Statistical significance; Systematic review; Womens health; Greenland; Spain; physiological phenomena; olive oil; infants; small for gestational age; maternal nutrition; Mediterranean diet
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu10091234

To quantify the effect of a Mediterranean dietary pattern, as well as the consumption of olive oil (OO), on the risk of having a small for gestational age infants (SGA), a matched case-control study was conducted in Spain. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Three indices were used to evaluate the adherence to Mediterranean diet (MD) (Predimed, Trichopoulou and Panagiotakos). Crude odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models. Results were stratified by severity of SGA: moderate (percentiles 6⁻10), and severe (percentiles ≤5). For moderate, four or more points in the Predimed´s index was associated with a 41% reduction of having SGA compared with women with a score ≤3, aOR = 0.59 (95% CI 0.38⁻0.98); for severe, the reduction in risk was not statistically significant. Similar results were found when the other MD indexes were used. An intake of OO above 5 g/day was associated with a lower risk of SGA (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.34⁻0.85); statistical significance was observed for moderate SGA (aOR = 0.53, 95% CI 0.30⁻0.96), but not for severe SGA (aOR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.24⁻1.07), although the magnitude of ORs were quite similar. Adherence to a MD and OO intake is associated with a reduced risk of SGA.