Brain Fatty Acid Composition and Inflammation in Mice Fed with High-Carbohydrate Diet or High-Fat Diet

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 10; no. 9; p. 1277
• Main Authors: Gimenez da Silva-Santi, Lorena, Masetto Antunes, Marina, Mori, Marco Aurélio, Biesdorf de Almeida-Souza, Camila, Vergílio Visentainer, Jesuí, Carbonera, Fabiana, Rabello Crisma, Amanda, Nunes Masi, Laureane, Massao Hirabara, Sandro, Curi, Rui, Barbosa Bazotte, Roberto
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 10-09-2018; MDPI
• Subjects: Animals; Antigens, Differentiation - metabolism; Autophagy; Brain; Brain - metabolism; Brain diseases; Calcium-Binding Proteins - metabolism; Carbohydrates; CD11b Antigen - metabolism; Composition; Cyclooxygenase 2 - metabolism; Cyclooxygenase-2; cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Deposition; Diet; Diet, Carbohydrate Loading - adverse effects; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Dietary Carbohydrates - adverse effects; Dietary Fats - adverse effects; Disease; Fatty acid composition; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Fish oils; Gene expression; High carbohydrate diet; High fat diet; IL-1β; Inflammation; Inflammation - metabolism; Integrin alpha Chains - metabolism; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 6; Laboratory animals; Lipids; Male; Markers; Metastases; Mice; Microfilament Proteins - metabolism; Microglia; monounsaturated fatty acids; mRNA; n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio; Nitric oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase - metabolism; Nitric-oxide synthase; nutrients; Nutrition research; polyunsaturated fatty acids; RNA, Messenger - metabolism; saturated fatty acids; Standard deviation; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumor necrosis factor-α; Brazil; United States > US; cytokines; saturated fatty acids; monounsaturated fatty acids; n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio; polyunsaturated fatty acids; nutrients
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu10091277

Both high fat diet (HFD) and high carbohydrate diet (HCD) modulate brain fatty acids (FA) composition. Notwithstanding, there is a lack of information on time sequence of brain FA deposition either for HFD or HCD. The changes in brain FA composition in mice fed with HFD or HCD for 7, 14, 28, or 56 days were compared with results of 0 (before starting given the diets). mRNA expressions of allograft inflammatory factor 1 (Aif1), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox 2), F4/80, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), integrin subunit alpha m (Itgam), interleukin IL-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured. The HFD group had higher speed of deposition of saturated FA (SFA), monounsaturated FA (MUFA), and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) at the beginning of the experimental period. However, on day 56, the total amount of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA were similar. mRNA expressions of F4/80 and Itgam, markers of microglia infiltration, were increased (
< 0.05) in the brain of the HCD group whereas inflammatory marker index (IMI) was higher (46%) in HFD group. In conclusion, the proportion of fat and carbohydrates in the diet modulates the speed deposition of FA and expression of inflammatory gene markers.