Effect of the Fat Eaten at Breakfast on Lipid Metabolism: A Crossover Trial in Women with Cardiovascular Risk

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 12; no. 6; p. 1695
• Main Authors: Delgado-Alarcón, Jessica M, Hernández Morante, Juan José, Aviles, Francisco V, Albaladejo-Otón, María D, Morillas-Ruíz, Juana M
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 06-06-2020; MDPI
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; apolipoprotein; Apolipoproteins; Breakfast; Carbohydrates; Cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - diet therapy; Cardiovascular Diseases - etiology; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; cardiovascular risk; Cholesterol; Chronic illnesses; Density; Diet; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; fatty acid; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage; Female; Health risks; Heart Disease Risk Factors; High density lipoprotein; Humans; Intervention; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; lipoprotein; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins (very low density); Lipoproteins, HDL - blood; Lipoproteins, IDL - blood; Lipoproteins, LDL - blood; Lipoproteins, VLDL - blood; Meals; Metabolism; Middle Aged; Nutrients; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena - physiology; Oils & fats; Olive oil; Phlebotomy; Plasma; Sample size; Time of use; Womens health; Germany; fatty acid; apolipoprotein; cardiovascular risk; breakfast; lipoprotein
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu12061695

Recent studies point out that not only the daily intake of energy and nutrients but the time of day when they are ingested notably regulates lipid metabolism and cardiovascular risk (CVR). Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess if the type of fat ingested at breakfast can modify lipid metabolism in women with CVR. A randomized, crossover clinical trial was performed. Sixty volunteers were randomly assigned to a (A) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-rich breakfast, (B) saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich breakfast, or (C) monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)-rich breakfast. Plasma lipoprotein and apolipoprotein subfractions were determined. Our data showed that the PUFA-rich breakfast decreased lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), and increased high-density lipoproteins (HDL). A similar trend was observed for the MUFA-rich breakfast, whereas the SFA-rich breakfast, although it decreased VLDL, also increased IDL and reduced HDL. The PUFA-rich breakfast also decreased β-lipoproteins and apolipoprotein-B. In summary, varying the type of fat eaten at breakfast is enough to significantly modify the lipid metabolism of women with CVR, which can be of great relevance to establish new therapeutic strategies for the treatment of these subjects.