Psychological Trauma and PTSD in HIV-Positive Women: A Meta-Analysis

• Published in: AIDS and behavior Vol. 16; no. 8; pp. 2091 - 2100
• Main Authors: Machtinger, E. L., Wilson, T. C., Haberer, J. E., Weiss, D. S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Boston Springer US 01-11-2012; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; Female; Females; Health Psychology; HIV; HIV Infections - diagnosis; HIV Infections - psychology; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humans; Infectious Diseases; Interpersonal Relations; Intervention; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Meta-analysis; Morbidity; Mortality Rates; Partner Abuse; Post traumatic stress disorder; Posttraumatic Stress Disorder; Prevalence; Psychological Distress; Public Health; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - epidemiology; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic - psychology; Substantive Review; Systematic review; Trauma; United States - epidemiology; Violence - psychology; Violence - statistics & numerical data; Women; United States; USA; HIV/AIDS; Women; PTSD; Trauma; Meta-analysis
• ISSN: 1090-7165; 1573-3254
• DOI: 10.1007/s10461-011-0127-4

Women bear an increasing burden of the HIV epidemic and face high rates of morbidity and mortality. Trauma has been increasingly associated with the high prevalence and poor outcomes of HIV in this population. This meta-analysis estimates rates of psychological trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in HIV-positive women from the United States. We reviewed 9,552 articles, of which 29 met our inclusion criteria, resulting in a sample of 5,930 individuals. The findings demonstrate highly disproportionate rates of trauma exposure and recent PTSD in HIV-positive women compared to the general population of women. For example, the estimated rate of recent PTSD among HIV-positive women is 30.0% (95% CI 18.8–42.7%), which is over five-times the rate of recent PTSD reported in a national sample of women. The estimated rate of intimate partner violence is 55.3% (95% CI 36.1–73.8%), which is more than twice the national rate. Studies of trauma-prevention and trauma-recovery interventions in this population are greatly needed.