Fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 concentration is associated with lower carbohydrate intake and increases with overeating

• Published in: Journal of endocrinological investigation Vol. 42; no. 5; pp. 557 - 566
• Main Authors: Basolo, A., Heinitz, S., Stinson, E. J., Begaye, B., Hohenadel, M., Piaggi, P., Krakoff, J., Votruba, S. B.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cham Springer International Publishing 01-05-2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Carbohydrates; Carbohydrates - administration & dosage; Eating - drug effects; Endocrinology; Energy intake; Energy Intake - drug effects; Fasting; Fasting - blood; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Food; Food intake; Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 - blood; Humans; Hyperphagia - blood; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolic Diseases; Original Article; Peptides; Plasma; Reinforcement; Sugar; Carbohydrates intake; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Ad libitum food intake
• ISSN: 1720-8386; 0391-4097; 1720-8386
• DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0954-5

Purpose
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that appears to play a major role in the control of food intake. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate and quantify the association of circulating GLP-1 concentration with ad libitum total calorie and macronutrient intake.
Methods
One-hundred and fifteen individuals (72 men) aged 35 ± 10 years were admitted for an inpatient study investigating the determinants of energy intake. Ad libitum food intake was assessed during 3 days using a reproducible vending machine paradigm. Fasting plasma GLP-1 concentrations were measured on the morning of the first day and on the morning of the fourth day after ad libitum feeding.
Results
Plasma GLP-1 concentrations increased by 14% after 3 days of ad libitum food intake. Individuals overate on average 139 ± 45% of weight-maintaining energy needs. Fasting plasma GLP-1 on day 1 was negatively associated with carbohydrate intake (
r
 = − 0.2,
p
 = 0.03) and with daily energy intake from low fat–high simple sugar (
r
 = − 0.22,
p
 = 0.016).
Conclusion
Higher plasma GLP-1 concentrations prior to ad libitum food intake were associated with lower carbohydrate intake and lower simple sugar ingestion, indicating a possible role of the GLP-1 in the reward pathway regulating simple sugar intake.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00342732.