A study of triple-mass diffusion species and energy transfer in Carreau–Yasuda material influenced by activation energy and heat source

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 10219 - 17
• Main Authors: Sohail, Muhammad, Nazir, Umar, El-Zahar, Essam R., Alrabaiah, Hussam, Kumam, Poom, Mousa, Abd Allah A., Sitthithakerngkiet, Kanokwan, Park, Choonkil
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 17-06-2022; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/705; 639/925; Boundary layers; Comparative studies; Differential equations; Diffusion; Energy Transfer; Heat transfer; Hot Temperature; Humanities and Social Sciences; Hydrodynamics; Mathematical models; multidisciplinary; Nanoparticles; Ordinary differential equations; Partial differential equations; Reproducibility of Results; Science; Science (multidisciplinary)
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13890-y

The mechanism of thermal transport can be enhanced by mixing the nanoparticles in the base liquid. This research discusses the utilization of nanoparticles (tri-hybrid) mixture into Carreau–Yasuda material. The flow is assumed to be produced due to the stretching of vertical heated surface. The phenomena of thermal transport are modeled by considering Joule heating and heat generation or absorption involvement. Additionally, activation energy is engaged to enhance heat transfer rate. The mathematical model composing transport of momentum, heat and mass species is developed in Cartesian coordinate system under boundary layer investigation in the form of coupled nonlinear partial differential equations. The complex partial differential equations are converted into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using the appropriate similarity transformation. The conversion of PDEs into ODEs make the problem easy to handle and it overcome the difficulties to solve the PDEs. The transformed ordinary differential equations are solved with the help of help of finite element scheme. The obtained solution is plotted against numerous involved parameters and comparative study is established for the reliability of method and accuracy of obtained results. An enhancement in fluid temperature is recorded against magnetic parameter and Eckert number. Also, decline in velocity is recorded for Weissenberg number and concentration is controlled against higher values of Schmidt number. Furthermore, it is recommended that the finite element scheme can be implemented to handle complex coupled nonlinear differential equation arising in modeling of several phenomena occurs in mathematical physics.