Impact of Iran's Forest Nationalization Law on Forest Cover Changes over Six Decades: A Case Study of a Zagros Sparse Coppice Oak Forest

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 2; p. 871
• Main Authors: Beygi Heidarlou, Hadi, Banj Shafiei, Abbas, Nasiri, Vahid, Niţă, Mihai Daniel, Borz, Stelian Alexandru, Lopez-Carr, David
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 12-01-2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Aerial photography; Change detection; Conservation of Natural Resources - methods; conservation policies; declassified satellite photography; Deforestation; Developing countries; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Forest management; Forestry; Forests; Google Earth Engine; historical aerial photos; Image classification; Iran; Land use; Law; LDCs; machine learning; Management systems; Nationalization; Natural resources; Property rights; Quercus; Rural areas; Satellite imagery; Iran; change detection; conservation policies; machine learning; Google Earth Engine; historical aerial photos; declassified satellite photography
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s23020871

Forest nationalization policies in developing countries have often led to a reduction in local forest ownership rights and short- or long-term exploitative behaviors of stakeholders. The purpose of this research is to quantify the effect of Iran's Forest Nationalization Law (FNL) in a part of Zagros Forest over a 68-year time period (1955-2022) using 1955 historical aerial photos, 1968 Corona spy satellite photography, and classification of multi-temporal Landsat satellite images. A past classification change detection technique was used to identify the extent and the pattern of land use changes in time. For this purpose, six periods were defined, to cover the time before and after the implementation of FNL. A 0.27% deforestation trend was identified over the period after the FNL. Dense and open forested area has decreased from 7175.62 ha and 68,927.46 ha in 1955 to 5664.26 ha and 59,223.38 ha in 2022. The FNL brought decisive changes in the legal and forest management systems at the state level, mainly by giving their ownership to the state. Accordingly, the FNL and the related conservation plans have not fully succeeded in protecting, rehabilitating, recovering, and developing the sparse Zagros Forest ecosystems, as their most important goals.