Lightweight and Real-Time Infrared Image Processor Based on FPGA

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 24; no. 4; p. 1333
• Main Authors: Wang, Xiaoqing, He, Xiang, Zhu, Xiangyu, Zheng, Fu, Zhang, Jingqi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 19-02-2024; MDPI
• Subjects: Algorithms; Digital integrated circuits; edge-preserving filtering; Efficiency; Electric waves; Electromagnetic radiation; Electromagnetic waves; field programmable gate array; Field programmable gate arrays; infrared image processing; Infrared imaging systems; Medical screening; non-uniformity correction; Radiation; Radiation, Background; Sensors; edge-preserving filtering; field programmable gate array; infrared image processing; non-uniformity correction
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s24041333

This paper presents an FPGA-based lightweight and real-time infrared image processor based on a series of hardware-oriented lightweight algorithms. The two-point correction algorithm based on blackbody radiation is introduced to calibrate the non-uniformity of the sensor. With precomputed gain and offset matrices, the design can achieve real-time non-uniformity correction with a resolution of 640×480. The blind pixel detection algorithm employs the first-level approximation to simplify multiple iterative computations. The blind pixel compensation algorithm in our design is constructed on the side-window-filtering method. The results of eight convolution kernels for side windows are computed simultaneously to improve the processing speed. Due to the proposed side-window-filtering-based blind pixel compensation algorithm, blind pixels can be effectively compensated while details in the image are preserved. Before image output, we also incorporated lightweight histogram equalization to make the processed image more easily observable to the human eyes. The proposed lightweight infrared image processor is implemented on Xilinx XC7A100T-2. Our proposed lightweight infrared image processor costs 10,894 LUTs, 9367 FFs, 4 BRAMs, and 5 DSP48. Under a 50 MHz clock, the processor achieves a speed of 30 frames per second at the cost of 1800 mW. The maximum operating frequency of our proposed processor can reach 186 MHz. Compared with existing similar works, our proposed infrared image processor incurs minimal resource overhead and has lower power consumption.