Spectral Analysis of Quadrature Rules and Fourier Truncation-Based Methods Applied to Shading Integrals

• Published in: IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics Vol. 26; no. 10; pp. 3022 - 3036
• Main Authors: Marques, Ricardo, Bouville, Christian, Bouatouch, Kadi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States IEEE 01-10-2020; The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE); Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE); Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
• Subjects: Caching; Engineering Sciences; Error analysis; Harmonic analysis; Integrals; Kernel; Lighting; Monte Carlo methods; Quadratures; Radiance; Rendering (computer graphics); Rendering equation; Shading; Signal and Image processing; Smoothness; Sobolev space; Spectra; Spectral analysis; Spectrum analysis; Spherical harmonics; Spherical harmonics decomposition; Stochastic processes
• ISSN: 1077-2626; 1941-0506
• DOI: 10.1109/TVCG.2019.2913418

We propose a theoretical framework, based on the theory of Sobolev spaces, that allows for a comprehensive analysis of quadrature rules for integration over the sphere. We apply this framework to the case of shading integrals in order to predict and analyze the performances of quadrature methods. We show that the spectral distribution of the quadrature error depends not only on the samples set size, distribution and weights, but also on the BRDF and the integrand smoothness. The proposed spectral analysis of quadrature error allows for a better understanding of how the above different factors interact. We also extend our analysis to the case of Fourier truncation-based techniques applied to the shading integral, so as to find the smallest spherical/hemispherical harmonics degree L (truncation) that entails a targeted integration error. This application is very beneficial to global illumination methods such as Precomputed Radiance Transfer and Radiance Caching. Finally, our proposed framework is the first to allow a direct theoretical comparison between quadrature- and truncation-based methods applied to the shading integral. This enables, for example, to determine the spherical harmonics degree L which corresponds to a quadrature-based integration with N samples. Our theoretical findings are validated by a set of rendering experiments.