Diet-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids Stimulate Intestinal Epithelial Cells To Induce Mucosal Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells

• Published in: The Journal of immunology (1950) Vol. 198; no. 5; pp. 2172 - 2181
• Main Authors: Goverse, Gera, Molenaar, Rosalie, Macia, Laurence, Tan, Jian, Erkelens, Martje N, Konijn, Tanja, Knippenberg, Marlene, Cook, Emma C L, Hanekamp, Diana, Veldhoen, Marc, Hartog, Anita, Roeselers, Guus, Mackay, Charles R, Mebius, Reina E
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States American Association of Immunologists 01-03-2017
• Subjects: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 Family; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Dendritic cells; Dendritic Cells - immunology; Diet; Dietary fiber; Environmental factors; Epithelial cells; Epithelial Cells - immunology; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Volatile - metabolism; Gastrointestinal tract; Immune system; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Mucosal; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin A - metabolism; Immunoregulation; Intestinal Mucosa - immunology; Intestine; Isoenzymes - genetics; Isoenzymes - metabolism; Lymph nodes; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes T; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbiota; Mucosal immunity; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - genetics; Receptors, Nicotinic - genetics; Retinal Dehydrogenase - genetics; Retinal Dehydrogenase - metabolism; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory - immunology; Vitamin A; Vitamin A - metabolism
• ISSN: 0022-1767; 1550-6606
• DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600165

The gastrointestinal tract is continuously exposed to many environmental factors that influence intestinal epithelial cells and the underlying mucosal immune system. In this article, we demonstrate that dietary fiber and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) induced the expression of the vitamin A-converting enzyme RALDH1 in intestinal epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro, respectively. Furthermore, our data showed that the expression levels of RALDH1 in small intestinal epithelial cells correlated with the activity of vitamin A-converting enzymes in mesenteric lymph node dendritic cells, along with increased numbers of intestinal regulatory T cells and a higher production of luminal IgA. Moreover, we show that the consumption of dietary fiber can alter the composition of SCFA-producing microbiota and SCFA production in the small intestines. In conclusion, our data illustrate that dietary adjustments affect small intestinal epithelial cells and can be used to modulate the mucosal immune system.