Global, regional, and national burden of urinary tract infections from 1990 to 2019: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019

• Published in: World journal of urology Vol. 40; no. 3; pp. 755 - 763
• Main Authors: Zeng, Zhilin, Zhan, Juan, Zhang, Kaimin, Chen, Huilong, Cheng, Sheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-03-2022; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Age; Global Burden of Disease; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Mortality; Nephrology; Oncology; Original Article; Population; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Risk Factors; Urinary tract; Urinary tract infections; Urinary Tract Infections - epidemiology; Urology; Burden; UTIs; Global; GBD 2019; Incidence
• ISSN: 1433-8726; 0724-4983; 1433-8726
• DOI: 10.1007/s00345-021-03913-0

Purpose
We aimed to estimate the burden of UTIs by age, sex, and socioeconomic status in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
We used data from Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 to analyse the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to UTIs at the global, regional, and national levels. Estimates are presented as numbers and age-standardised or age-specific rates per 100,000 population, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We further explored the associations between the incidence, mortality, DALYs, and socio-demographic index (SDI) as a proxy for the development status of regions and countries.
Results
In 2019, more than 404.6 million (95% UI 359.4–446.5) individuals had UTIs globally and nearly 236,786 people (198,433–259,034) died of UTIs, contributing to 5.2 million (4.5–5.7) DALYs. The age-standardised incidence rate increased from 4715.0 (4174.2–5220.6) per 100,000 population in 1990 to 5229.3 (4645.3–5771.2) per 100,000 population in 2019. At the GBD regional level, the highest age-standardised incidence rate in 2019 occurred in Tropical Latin America (13,852.9 [12,135.6–15,480.3] per 100,000 population). At the national level, Ecuador had the highest age-standardised incidence rate (15,511.3 [13,685.0–17,375.6] per 100,000 population). The age-standardised death rates were highest in Barbados (19.5 [13.7–23.5] per 100,000 population). In addition, age-standardised incidence, death, and DALY rates generally increased across the SDI.
Conclusions
Our study results suggest a globally rising trend of UTI burden between 1990 and 2019.