Combined effect of beet powder and lentil flour as a partial nitrite substitute on physicochemical, texture and sensory characteristics, color, and oxidative stability of pork bologna

• Published in: Journal of food science Vol. 87; no. 10; pp. 4379 - 4393
• Main Authors: Kim, Jihan, Shand, Phyllis J.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-10-2022; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Acceptability; Animals; Antioxidants; beet powder; Beta vulgaris; Carbonyl compounds; Carbonyls; Cold storage; Color; consumer sensory evaluation; Design of experiments; Eating quality; Emulsions; Experimental design; Flour; Food Handling - methods; Integrated Food Science; Lens Plant; lentil flour; Lipid peroxidation; Lipids; Meat Products - analysis; nitrite; Nitrites; Oxidation; Oxidative Stress; Pork; pork bologna; Pork Meat; Powders; Proteins; Quality management; Red Meat; Sensory properties; Stability; Substitutes; Swine; Taste; Thiobarbituric acid; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances - analysis; pork bologna; nitrite; color; lentil flour; consumer sensory evaluation; beet powder
• ISSN: 0022-1147; 1750-3841
• DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16302

The combined effect of beet powder (BP; 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) and 6% lentil flour (LF) as a partial nitrite substitute on quality attributes of pork bologna incorporated with 7.5% mechanically separated pork during 12 weeks of cold storage was evaluated. A randomized block experimental design with nine treatments and five storage times (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks) was used for pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, protein oxidation (carbonyl and sulfhydryl), and color parameters. Bologna preparation at a pilot plant scale was replicated three times. LF addition resulted (p < 0.05) in higher viscosity, emulsion stability, and lower expressible drip. Together BP and LF decreased protein oxidation during storage but were not as effective as nitrite with respect to lipid oxidation. Bologna with BP addition showed lower lightness and higher redness, whereas LF increased lightness and decreased redness. A consumer panel rated color acceptability of bologna lower with LF addition, whereas BP raised color acceptability. However, addition of the highest BP level alone to the bologna was negatively perceived as a result of the low acceptability of purge color of the vacuum‐packaged bologna slices. Consequently, the combination of BP and LF could be used to improve eating quality and stability attributes when used as a potential nitrite substitute.