Nutritional adequacy according to carbohydrates and fat quality

• Published in: European journal of nutrition Vol. 55; no. 1; pp. 93 - 106
• Main Authors: Sánchez-Tainta, Ana, Zazpe, Itziar, Bes-Rastrollo, Maira, Salas-Salvadó, Jordi, Bullo, Mónica, Sorlí, José Vicente, Corella, Dolores, Covas, Mª Isabel, Arós, Fernando, Gutierrez-Bedmar, Mario, Fiol, Miquel, de la Corte, F. García, Serra-Majem, Lluis, Pinto, Xavier, Schröeder, Helmut, Ros, Emilio, López-Sabater, M. Carmen, Estruch, Ramón, Martínez-González, Miguel Angel
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01-02-2016; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Body Mass Index; carbohydrates; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control; Chemistry; Chemistry and Materials Science; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage; Dietary Fiber - administration & dosage; elderly; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated - administration & dosage; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage; Female; food frequency questionnaires; food intake; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Mediterranean diet; Micronutrients - administration & dosage; Middle Aged; Nutrition; nutritional adequacy; Nutritive Value; Original Contribution; Patient Compliance; polyunsaturated fatty acids; Reproducibility of Results; risk; Risk Factors; Spain; Surveys and Questionnaires; Trans Fatty Acids - administration & dosage; Spain; PREDIMED trial; Carbohydrate quality; Mediterranean diet; Fat quality; Micronutrient adequacy
• ISSN: 1436-6207; 1436-6215
• DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0828-3

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between carbohydrate quality, fat quality or adherence to the Mediterranean diet and intake adequacy of 19 micronutrients in the PREDIMED (PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea) trial, a multicenter, randomized, controlled, parallel group and primary prevention trial conducted in Spain. METHODS: We assessed baseline dietary intake of 6,542 elderly subjects at high cardiovascular risk through a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a validated 14-item Mediterranean diet (Med-diet) score. We used a multidimensional carbohydrate quality index (CQI) using four criteria and a fat quality index (FQI) according to the ratio (MUFA + PUFA)/(SFA + TFA). The probability of intake adequacy was calculated comparing the intakes to DRI, and also using the probabilistic approach. Absolute and adjusted probability of having inadequate intake for either ≥6 DRI or ≥8 DRI were estimated to assess nutritional adequacy according to quintiles of each index. RESULTS: The lowest prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake (≥8 DRI) was found in the highest quintile of CQI or Med-diet score, and in the lowest quintile of FQI (adjusted fold risk: 1.4, 3.4 and 10.2 respectively in comparison with the lowest quintile). P for trend <0.001 in three multivariable models. A higher CQI or Med-Diet score and a lower FQI were significantly associated with a lower fold risk of unmet EAR values. CONCLUSIONS: A multidimensional assessment of CQI can be a useful tool to evaluate the quality of carbohydrates. This score and a 14-item Med-diet score were positively related to overall micronutrient adequacy in elderly participants.