Regulation and expression of IL-32 in chronic rhinosinusitis

• Published in: Allergy (Copenhagen) Vol. 67; no. 6; pp. 790 - 798
• Main Authors: Soyka, M. B., Treis, A., Eiwegger, T., Menz, G., Zhang, S., Holzmann, D., Akdis, C. A., Meyer, N.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-06-2012; Blackwell
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Allergies; Biological and medical sciences; Blotting, Western; Cells, Cultured; Chronic Disease; chronic rhinosinusitis; Cytokines; Dermatology; Female; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fundamental immunology; Humans; IL-32; interleukin; Interleukins - immunology; Interleukins - metabolism; Lymphocytes; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa - immunology; Nasal Mucosa - metabolism; Nasal Polyps - immunology; Nasal Polyps - metabolism; Non tumoral diseases; Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Pathogenesis; polyps; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rhinitis - immunology; Rhinitis - metabolism; RNA, Messenger - analysis; Sarcoidosis. Granulomatous diseases of unproved etiology. Connective tissue diseases. Elastic tissue diseases. Vasculitis; Sinuses; sinusitis; Sinusitis - immunology; Sinusitis - metabolism; Upper respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands: diseases, semeiology; Young Adult; Immunopathology; Nose disease; polyps; Rhinitis; Dermatology; Interleukin; Cytokine; Sinusitis; IL-32; Chronic; Regulation(control); Immunology; chronic rhinosinusitis; ENT disease; Paranasal sinus disease; Polyp
• ISSN: 0105-4538; 1398-9995
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02820.x

Background
Activated T lymphocytes and their interaction with resident tissue cells, particularly epithelium, play important roles in inflammatory processes in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). IL‐32 is a recently described cytokine, which is expressed in a variety of tissue cells and involved in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases.
Methods
Human sinus epithelial cells were isolated from biopsies and stimulated with different cytokines, which play a role in the pathogenesis of CRS. IL‐32 mRNA expression was analyzed using real‐time‐PCR, IL‐32 protein was determined by Western blot and flow cytometry as well as immunofluorescent staining in primary sinus epithelial cells and nasal biopsies from patients with CRS and healthy controls.
Results
IL‐32 mRNA was upregulated by TNF‐α and IFN‐γ in primary sinus epithelial cells, whereas IL‐1 β, IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐17 did not influence IL‐32 expression. IL‐32 mRNA expression was significantly higher in human primary sinonasal epithelial cells (HSECs) cocultured with Th1 cells compared with HSECs cocultured with Th0 or Th2 cells. IL‐32 mRNA expression was significantly higher in biopsies from sinus epithelial tissue of CRS patients with nasal polyps compared with healthy subjects (P = 0.01). IL‐32 was detected in biopsies from patients with CRS, whereas it was scarcely present in control tissues.
Conclusion
The induction of IL‐32 by TNF‐α, IFN‐γ and Th1 cells as well as its increased expression in sinus tissues from CRS patients with nasal polyps demonstrated a potential role for IL‐32 in the pathogenesis of CRS.