Oral metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma: A changing demographic in Europe and North America. Immunohistochemical advances in the microscopic diagnosis

• Published in: Oral oncology Vol. 47; no. 1; pp. 62 - 67
• Main Authors: Daley, Thomas D, Minett, Charles P, Driman, David K, Darling, Mark R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01-01-2011; Elsevier
• Subjects: Aged; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers, Tumor - analysis; Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - chemistry; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - secondary; Europe; Fatal Outcome; Gastroenterology. Liver. Pancreas. Abdomen; Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine; Hepatocellular; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Jaw; Liver; Liver Neoplasms - chemistry; Liver Neoplasms - pathology; Liver. Biliary tract. Portal circulation. Exocrine pancreas; Male; Medical sciences; Mouth Neoplasms - chemistry; Mouth Neoplasms - pathology; Mouth Neoplasms - secondary; Neoplasm metastasis; North America; Oral; Otolaryngology; Otorhinolaryngology. Stomatology; Tumors; Upper respiratory tract, upper alimentary tract, paranasal sinuses, salivary glands: diseases, semeiology; North America; Europe; America; Hepatocellular; Jaw; Carcinoma; Oral; Neoplasm metastasis; Liver; Immunohistochemistry; Stomatology; Oral administration; Hepatic disease; Hepatocellular carcinoma; ENT; Malignant tumor; Metastasis; Anatomic pathology; Cancerology; Oral cavity carcinoma; Digestive diseases; Oral cavity disease; Diagnosis; Cancer
• ISSN: 1368-8375; 1879-0593
• DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2010.07.007

Summary The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma has shown an alarming increase in North America and Europe since 1980, as has the incidence of reported metastases to the oral region. Consequently, it is important that head and neck health care specialists be familiar with recent epidemiological trends and the histologic and recent immunohistochemical advances in the diagnosis of this deadly malignancy. Histologic features are reviewed, and recent advances in the immunohistochemical differential diagnosis are detailed and illustrated in two cases. A panel of immunohistochemical stains is recommended, some or all of which may be useful to differentiate poorly differentiated or pseudoglandular hepatocellular carcinoma from other metastatic adenocarcinomas to the oral and maxillofacial region.