The impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on retinopathy of prematurity screening and management in the United States: a multicenter study

• Published in: Journal of AAPOS Vol. 27; no. 3; pp. 137.e1 - 137.e6
• Main Authors: Sood, Shefali, Naguib, Mina M., Portney, David S., Besirli, Cagri G., Martin, Cole A., Harper, C. Armitage, Fernandez, Maria P., Berrocal, Audina M., Quiram, Polly A., Belin, Peter, Clarke, Noreen, Nagiel, Aaron, Chandler, Melissa, Bair, Christopher, Harnett, M. Elizabeth, Dedania, Vaidehi S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01-06-2023; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc
• Subjects: Birth Weight; Cohort Studies; Communicable Disease Control; COVID-19 - epidemiology; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Major; Neonatal Screening - methods; Retinopathy of Prematurity - diagnosis; Retinopathy of Prematurity - epidemiology; Retinopathy of Prematurity - therapy; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; United States - epidemiology; United States
• ISSN: 1091-8531; 1528-3933; 1528-3933
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jaapos.2023.03.004

To study the effect of the pandemic-related lockdown (physical distance measures and movement restrictions) on the characteristics and management of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
In this controlled, multicenter cohort study, the medical records of patients born prematurely and screened for ROP in the neonatal intensive care unit during four time periods were reviewed retrospectively: (1) November 1, 2018, to March 15, 2019; (2) March 16, 2019, to August 2, 2019 (lockdown control period); (3) November 1, 2019, to March 15, 2020; and (4) March 16, 2020-August 2, 2020.
A total of 1,645 patients met inclusion criteria. Among the 1,633 patients with complete data, mean gestational age (GA) at birth was 28.2, 28.4, 28.0, and 28.3 weeks across time periods 1 to 4, respectively (P = 0.16). The mean birth weight of all patients was 1079.1 ± 378.60 g, with no significant variation across time periods (P = 0.08). There were fewer patients screened during the lockdown period (n = 411) compared with the period immediately before (n = 491) and the same period in the prior year (n = 533). Significantly more patients were screened using indirect ophthalmoscopy, compared to digital imaging (telemedicine), during the lockdown (P < 0.01). There were 11.7%, 7.7%, 9.0%, and 8.8% of patients requiring treatment in each time period, respectively (P = 0.42), with a median postmenstrual age at initial treatment of 37.2, 36.45, 37.1, and 36.3 weeks, respectively (P = 0.32).
We recorded a decrease in the number of infants meeting criteria for ROP screening during the lockdown. The GA at birth and birth weight did not differ. Significantly more infants were screened with indirect ophthalmoscopy, compared to digital imaging, during the lockdown.