Prediction algorithm for gastric cancer in a general population: A validation study

• Published in: Cancer medicine (Malden, MA) Vol. 12; no. 21; pp. 20544 - 20553
• Main Authors: Wong, Martin C S, Leung, Eman Yee-Man, Yau, Sarah T Y, Chan, Sze Chai, Xie, Shaohua, Xu, Wanghong, Huang, Junjie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-11-2023; Wiley
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Anesthesia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Aspirin; Committees; Endoscopy; Gastric cancer; Gastrointestinal tract; Helicobacter Infections - complications; Helicobacter Infections - epidemiology; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Inflammation; Lymphoma; Male; Medical prognosis; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Middle Aged; Mortality; Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; Older people; Patients; Population; Population studies; predictors; Proton pump inhibitors; Regression analysis; Research ethics; Risk Factors; risk score; Sociodemographics; Statins; Statistics; Stomach Neoplasms - complications; Stomach Neoplasms - diagnosis; Stomach Neoplasms - epidemiology; Variables; Young Adult; Hong Kong China; China; predictors; proton pump inhibitors; aspirin; gastric cancer; risk score
• ISSN: 2045-7634; 2045-7634
• DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6629

Worldwide, gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality. This study aims to devise and validate a scoring system based on readily available clinical data to predict the risk of gastric cancer in a large Chinese population.
We included a total of 6,209,697 subjects aged between 18 and 70 years who have received upper digestive endoscopy in Hong Kong from 1997 to 2018. A binary logistic regression model was constructed to examine the predictors of gastric cancer in a derivation cohort (n = 4,347,224), followed by model evaluation in a validation cohort (n = 1,862,473). The algorithm's discriminatory ability was evaluated as the area under the curve (AUC) of the mathematically constructed receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.
Age, male gender, history of Helicobacter pylori infection, use of proton pump inhibitors, non-use of aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and statins were significantly associated with gastric cancer. A scoring of ≤8 was designated as "average risk (AR)". Scores at 9 or above were assigned as "high risk (HR)". The prevalence of gastric cancer was 1.81% and 0.096%, respectively, for the HR and LR groups. The AUC for the risk score in the validation cohort was 0.834, implying an excellent fit of the model.
This study has validated a simple, accurate, and easy-to-use scoring algorithm which has a high discriminatory capability to predict gastric cancer. The score could be adopted to risk stratify subjects suspected as having gastric cancer, thus allowing prioritized upper digestive tract investigation.