Host Cell Death Responses to Non-typhoidal Salmonella Infection

• Published in: Frontiers in immunology Vol. 10; p. 1758
• Main Authors: Wemyss, Madeleine A, Pearson, Jaclyn S
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 26-07-2019
• Subjects: host-pathogen interaction; immune evasion; Immunology; innate immunity; non-typhoidal Salmonella; programmed cell death; T3SS effector protein; host-pathogen interaction; non-typhoidal Salmonella; T3SS effector protein; immune evasion; innate immunity; programmed cell death
• ISSN: 1664-3224; 1664-3224
• DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01758

subsp.
serovar Typhimurium (
. Typhimurium) is a Gram-negative bacterium with a broad host range that causes non-typhoidal salmonellosis in humans.
. Typhimurium infects epithelial cells and macrophages in the small intestine where it replicates in a specialized intracellular niche called the
-containing vacuole (SCV) and promotes inflammation of the mucosa to induce typically self-limiting gastroenteritis. Virulence and spread of the bacterium is determined in part by the host individual's ability to limit the infection through innate immune responses at the gastrointestinal mucosa, including programmed cell death.
. Typhimurium however, has evolved a myriad of mechanisms to counteract or exploit host responses through the use of Type III Secretion Systems (T3SS), which allow the translocation of virulence (effector) proteins into the host cell for the benefit of optimal bacterial replication and dissemination. T3SS effectors have been found to interact with apoptotic, necroptotic, and pyroptotic cell death cascades, interfering with both efficient clearance of the bacteria and the recruitment of neutrophils or dendritic cells to the area of infection. The interplay of host inflammation, programmed cell death responses, and bacterial defenses in the context of non-typhoidal
(NTS) infection is a continuing area of interest within the field, and as such has been reviewed here.