Association Between Serum Vitamin D Levels and Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Published in: Frontiers in neurology Vol. 9; p. 909
• Main Authors: Luo, Xiaoyue, Ou, Ruwei, Dutta, Rajib, Tian, Yuan, Xiong, Hai, Shang, Huifang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland Frontiers Media S.A 12-11-2018
• Subjects: meta-analysis; motor symptom; Neurology; observational studies; Parkinson's disease; vitamin D; meta-analysis; motor symptom; Parkinson's disease; observational studies; vitamin D
• ISSN: 1664-2295; 1664-2295
• DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00909

Vitamin D is an important secosteroid which is involved the development and regulation of brain activity. Several studies have focused on exploring the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and Parkinson's disease (PD), but the conclusion remains ambiguous.
We searched observational studies that explored the association between serum vitamin D levels and PD based on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library from inception through to January 2018. The quality of included studies was evaluated by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Statistical analysis of this meta-analysis was performed by Stata version 12.0 and R software.
Twenty studies with a total of 2,866 PD patients and 2,734 controls were included. Compared with controls, PD patients had lower serum vitamin D levels (WMD -3.96, 95%CI -5.00, -2.92), especially in higher latitude regions (WMD -4.20, 95%CI -5.66, -2.75). Assay methods contributed significantly to high heterogeneity. Furthermore, PD patients with deficient vitamin D levels had advanced risk (OR 2.08, 95%CI 1.35, 3.19) than those patients with insufficient ones (OR = 1.73, 95%CI 1.48, 2.03). In addition, serum vitamin D levels were also related to the severity of PD (WMD -5.27, 95%CI -8.14, -2.39) and the summary correlation coefficient showed strongly negative correlation (
= -0.55, 95%CI -0.73, -0.29). Moreover, the pooled correlation coefficient revealed that serum vitamin D levels were also negatively correlated to the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRS III) (
= -0.36, 95%CI -0.53, -0.16), but did not correlate with the duration of PD (
= 0.37) and age of patients (
= 0.49).
Serum vitamin D levels are inversely associated with the risk and severity of PD. Our results provided an updated evidence of association between low vitamin D levels and PD and prompt the adjunctive therapeutic decisions about vitamin D replacement in PD.