Safety, Reactogenicity, Immunogenicity, and Dose Selection of 10-Valent Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Bioconjugate Vaccine (VAC52416) in Adults Aged 60–85 Years in a Randomized, Multicenter, Interventional, First-in-Human, Phase 1/2a Study

• Published in: Open forum infectious diseases Vol. 10; no. 8; p. ofad417
• Main Authors: Fierro, Carlos A, Sarnecki, Michal, Doua, Joachim, Spiessens, Bart, Go, Oscar, Davies, Todd A, van den Dobbelsteen, Germie, Poolman, Jan, Abbanat, Darren, Haazen, Wouter
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: US Oxford University Press 01-08-2023
• Subjects: Major; vaccine; disease; invasive; bacteremia; extraintestinal pathogenic
• ISSN: 2328-8957; 2328-8957
• DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad417

Abstract
Background
ExPEC10V is a bioconjugate vaccine containing O-antigen polysaccharides of 10 extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) serotypes. This phase 1/2a study (NCT03819049) assessed the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of ExPEC10V (VAC52416) to prevent invasive E coli disease in elderly adults.
Methods
The observer-blind, active-controlled design included a 28-day screening, vaccination, 181-day follow-up, and 1-year follow-up. Participants (60–85 years of age) were randomized to ExPEC10V low dose (antigen dose range, 4–8 µg), ExPEC10V medium dose (4–16 µg), or ExPEC10V high dose (8–16 µg); 4-valent ExPEC vaccine (ExPEC4V); or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). The incidence of adverse events (AEs; solicited, day 15; unsolicited, day 30; serious AEs, day 181) and immunogenicity (electrochemiluminescent-based assay [ECL] and multiplex opsonophagocytic assay [MOPA]) were assessed. Optimal ExPEC10V dose was determined from safety data through day 30 and an immunogenicity dose selection algorithm based on day 15 ECL and MOPA results.
Results
A total of 416 participants were included (median age, 64.0 years; 54.8% female). The incidences of solicited local and systemic AEs were, respectively, 44.2% and 39.4% for low-dose, 52.9% and 46.1% for medium-dose, 57.7% and 45.2% for high-dose ExPEC10V, and 74.1% and 48.1% for PCV13. Five serious AEs, not vaccine related, were reported. The ECL revealed a robust antibody response to ExPEC10V through year 1. Opsonophagocytic killing activity was detected against all but serotype O8; this lack of response against serotype O8 was linked to low assay sensitivity. Based on the totality of data, high-dose ExPEC10V was considered optimal.
Conclusions
ExPEC10V was well tolerated and immunogenic in elderly adults against all but serotype O8.
A 10-valent extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) vaccine was well tolerated and demonstrated a robust functional antibody response against all but 1 serotype. The high dose was selected as optimal, and a reformulated 9-valent ExPEC vaccine is in development as a potential prophylactic vaccine against invasive ExPEC disease.