Leishmaniases and the Cyprus Paradox

In Cyprus, leishmaniasis has been considered exclusively a veterinary problem. It was prevalent before 1945, and until its recent reemergence, it was nearly eradicated by 1996 as a consequence of the destruction of reservoir hosts and vectors. A survey carried out to provide an unbiased estimate of...

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Published in:	The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene Vol. 82; no. 3; pp. 441 - 448
Main Authors:	Mazeris, Apostolos, Soteriadou, Ketty, Dedet, Jean Pierre, Haralambous, Christos, Tsatsaris, Andreas, Moschandreas, Joanna, Messaritakis, Ippokratis, Christodoulou, Vasiliki, Papadopoulos, Byron, Ivovic, Vladimir, Pratlong, Francine, Loucaides, Fedias, Antoniou, Maria
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Deerfield, IL ASTMH 01-03-2010 American Society of Tropical Medecine and Hygiene The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Subjects:	Animals Biological and medical sciences Cyprus - epidemiology Dog Diseases - epidemiology Dogs Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - veterinary Female Humans Infectious diseases Leishmaniasis - blood Leishmaniasis - epidemiology Leishmaniasis - veterinary Male Medical sciences Phlebotomus Polymerase Chain Reaction - veterinary Seroepidemiologic Studies Species Specificity Cyprus Asia Tropical medicine
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Summary:	In Cyprus, leishmaniasis has been considered exclusively a veterinary problem. It was prevalent before 1945, and until its recent reemergence, it was nearly eradicated by 1996 as a consequence of the destruction of reservoir hosts and vectors. A survey carried out to provide an unbiased estimate of current transmission rates in dogs and humans showed a 9-fold increase in dog seroprevalence (reaching 14.9%) compared with 10 years ago. However, no human cases caused by Leishmania infantum were detected, although L. donovani cases were reported recently. The 62 strains isolated from dogs were typed as L. infantum MON-1 (98.4%), which is the predominating zymodeme in the Mediterranean region, and MON-98 (1.6%). The Phlebotomus species P. tobbi (vector of L. infantum in Cyprus), P. galilaeus, and P. papatasi were the predominant species captured. Two transmission cycles seem to run in parallel in Cyprus: in dogs with L. infantum and in humans with L. donovani.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0002-9637 1476-1645
DOI:	10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0282