Salix tetrasperma Roxb. Extract Alleviates Neuropathic Pain in Rats via Modulation of the NF-κB/TNF-α/NOX/iNOS Pathway

• Published in: Antioxidants Vol. 8; no. 10; p. 482
• Main Authors: Sobeh, Mansour, Mahmoud, Mona F., Rezq, Samar, Alsemeh, Amira E., Sabry, Omar M., Mostafa, Islam, Abdelfattah, Mohamed A. O., Ait El-Allem, Khadija, El-Shazly, Assem M., Yasri, Aziz, Wink, Michael
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basel MDPI AG 12-10-2019; MDPI
• Subjects: Acids; Analgesics; Animal models; Animals; Antioxidants; Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase; Biomarkers; Brain stem; Burning; chronic constriction injury; Chronic pain; Cyclooxygenase-1; Cyclooxygenase-2; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Enzymes; Flowers; High-performance liquid chromatography; Inflammation; Lipoxygenase; Mass spectroscopy; Medical research; Myelin; NAD(P)H oxidase; Natural products; neuropathy; NF-κB protein; nf-κb/tnf-α/nox/inos pathway; Nitric-oxide synthase; Oxidative stress; p53; Pain; Pain perception; Peripheral neuropathy; Pharmacy; polyphenols; Prostaglandin E2; Salix; salix tetrasperma; Surgery; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Egypt
• ISSN: 2076-3921; 2076-3921
• DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100482

Patients with neuropathic pain experience chronic painful tingling, burning, and prickling sensations accompanied with hyperalgesia and/or allodynia. In this study, 38 secondary metabolites of a methanol extract from Salix tetrasperma flowers were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The extract showed substantial anti-inflammatory, central and peripheral anti-nociceptive, antipyretic, and antioxidant activities in vitro and in different animal models. In the chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model, the extract was able to attenuate and significantly relieve hyperalgesia and allodynia responses in a dose dependent manner and restore the myelin sheath integrity and Schwann cells average number in the sciatic nerve. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the extract significantly reduced the expression of various pro-inflammatory biomarkers including nuclear factor kabba B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the oxidative stress biomarker NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1), in brain stem and sciatic nerve tissues. These findings were supported by in vitro enzyme inhibition assays (COX-1, COX-2 and 5-LOX). Moreover, the extract significantly reduced p53 expression in the brain stem tissue. These findings support the use of S. tetrasperma in folk medicine to alleviate pain. It could be a promising natural product for further clinical investigations to treat inflammation, nociceptive pain and chronic neuropathic pain.