Chondroitin and Dermatan Sulfate Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting and Cartilage Regeneration

• Published in: Macromolecular bioscience Vol. 22; no. 3; pp. e2100435 - n/a
• Main Authors: Lafuente‐Merchan, Markel, Ruiz‐Alonso, Sandra, Zabala, Alaitz, Gálvez‐Martín, Patricia, Marchal, Juan Antonio, Vázquez‐Lasa, Blanca, Gallego, Idoia, Saenz‐del‐Burgo, Laura, Pedraz, Jose Luis
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01-03-2022
• Subjects: 3-D printers; 3D bioprinting; Alginates; Alginates - chemistry; Alginic acid; Animals; Biocompatibility; bioinks; Biomedical materials; Bioprinting; Cartilage; Cartilage diseases; Cell differentiation; Cell viability; Chondroitin; Chondroitin sulfate; Connective tissues; Dermatan Sulfate; Differentiation; Evaluation; Inks; Mice; Osteoarthritis; Printing, Three-Dimensional; Rapid prototyping; Regeneration; Rheological properties; Rheology; Scaffolds; Sterilization; Sulfates; Three dimensional printing; Tissue engineering; Tissue Engineering - methods; Tissue Scaffolds - chemistry; bioinks; dermatan sulfate; tissue engineering; 3D bioprinting; chondroitin sulfate; cartilage
• ISSN: 1616-5187; 1616-5195
• DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100435

Cartilage is a connective tissue which a limited capacity for healing and repairing. In this context, osteoarthritis (OA) disease may be developed with high prevalence in which the use of scaffolds may be a promising treatment. In addition, three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting has become an emerging additive manufacturing technology because of its rapid prototyping capacity and the possibility of creating complex structures. This study is focused on the development of nanocellulose‐alginate (NC‐Alg) based bioinks for 3D bioprinting for cartilage regeneration to which it is added chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS). First, rheological properties are evaluated. Then, sterilization effect, biocompatibility, and printability on developed NC‐Alg‐CS and NC‐Alg‐DS inks are evaluated. Subsequently, printed scaffolds are characterized. Finally, NC‐Alg‐CS and NC‐Alg‐DS inks are loaded with murine D1‐MSCs‐EPO and cell viability and functionality, as well as the chondrogenic differentiation ability are assessed. Results show that the addition of both CS and DS to the NC‐Alg ink improves its characteristics in terms of rheology and cell viability and functionality. Moreover, differentiation to cartilage is promoted on NC‐Alg‐CS and NC‐Alg‐DS scaffolds. Therefore, the utilization of MSCs containing NC‐Alg‐CS and NC‐Alg‐DS scaffolds may become a feasible tissue engineering approach for cartilage regeneration.
Bioinks based on nanocellulose‐alginate‐chondroitin sulfate (NC‐Alg‐CS) and nanocellulose‐alginate‐dermatan sulfate (NC‐Alg‐DS) have been developed for 3D bioprinting and cartilage regeneration. The addition of both CS and DS to the NC‐Alg bioink improves its characteristics in terms of rheology and embedded D1‐MSC viability and functionality. Furthermore, differentiation to cartilage is promoted on NC‐Alg‐CS and NC‐Alg‐DS scaffolds.