Revising green roof design methods with downscaling model of rainfall time series

• Published in: Water science and technology Vol. 85; no. 5; pp. 1363 - 1371
• Main Authors: Pons, V, Muthanna, T M, Sivertsen, E, Bertrand-Krajewski, J-L
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England IWA Publishing 01-03-2022
• Subjects: Civil Engineering; Climate change; Context; continuous simulation; Decision making; Design; Design techniques; Eco-conception; Engineering Sciences; Environmental Engineering; Environmental Sciences; event-based simulation; Failure modes; Floodways; Green buildings; Green infrastructure; green infrastructure design; Green roofs; Hydrology; Infrastructure; Methods; Performance evaluation; Precipitation; Rain; Rainfall; Reproducibility of Results; Retention; robust decision making; Roofs; Runoff; Sewer systems; Simulation; Stormwater; Stormwater management; temporal downscaling; Time Factors; Time series; Water; Water management; Water Movements; Norway; event-based simulation; continuous simulation; green infrastructure design; temporal downscaling; robust decision making
• ISSN: 0273-1223; 1996-9732
• DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.023

Historically, green infrastructure for stormwater management has been event-based designed. This study aims to realign the green infrastructure design strategies with principles for robust decision making, through the example of green roofs design with the variational method and exemplified using the Norwegian context of the 3-step approach (3SA) for stormwater management. The 3SA consists of planning solutions to handle day-to-day rain at site scale through infiltration (step 1) and detention (step 2), and extreme events with safe floodways (step 3). An innovative framework based on downscaling of rainfall timeseries is suggested as follows: (i) long duration continuous simulation for retention variation and day-to-day discharge, corresponding to step 1 in the 3SA; (ii) intensive sampling of local extreme events to estimate reliability and robustness of solutions, corresponding to steps 2 and 3 in the 3SA. Comparing the traditional variational method to Highly-Informed-Design-Evaluation-Strategy (HIDES), it was found that the variational method possibly leads to incorrect decisions while the suggested novel approach was found to give more informed and reliable results by suggesting a design based on both operating mode and failure mode. It allows to embed solutions within the urban water system by facilitating the link between the steps of the 3SA. Such a framework was found to be data-wise applicable in the Norwegian context.