Changes in joint angle, muscle-tendon complex length, muscle contractile tissue displacement, and modulation of EMG activity during acute whole-body vibration

• Published in: Muscle & nerve Vol. 40; no. 3; pp. 420 - 429
• Main Authors: Cochrane, Darryl J., Loram, Ian D., Stannard, Stephen R., Rittweger, Jörn
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 01-09-2009; Wiley
• Subjects: Adaptation, Physiological - physiology; Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Biomechanical Phenomena; contractile element; Electromyography - methods; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; isometric contraction; Isometric Contraction - physiology; Knee Joint - anatomy & histology; Knee Joint - physiology; Male; Movement; Muscle Contraction - physiology; muscle length; Muscle, Skeletal - diagnostic imaging; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Striated muscle. Tendons; Tendons - innervation; Ultrasonography - methods; Vertebrates: osteoarticular system, musculoskeletal system; Vibration; Stretch reflex; Vibration; Electrophysiology; Isometric muscular contraction; Joint; Soleus muscle; isometric contraction; Low frequency; Osteoarticular system; Modulation; contractile element; Electromyography; Gastrocnemius muscle; muscle length; Tendon
• ISSN: 0148-639X; 1097-4598
• DOI: 10.1002/mus.21330

It has been suggested that vibration causes small changes in muscle length, but to the best of our knowledge, these have yet to be demonstrated during whole‐body vibration (WBV). This was an observational study to determine whether acute WBV would result in muscle lengthening. We hypothesized that acute WBV would increase electromyography (EMG) activity concurrently with measurable changes in muscle contractile length. Nine healthy males performed two conditions on a Galileo vibration machine for 15 s at 0 HZ (resting) and 6 HZ at a set knee angle of 18°. Muscle tendon complex length, contractile tissue displacement of the medial gastrocnemius muscle, and EMG of soleus, tibialis anterior, and vastus lateralis muscles were measured. At 6 HZ the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle tendon complex (MTC) amplitude (375 μm) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) compared to 0 HZ (35 μm). The MG contractile length (CD) amplitude at 6 HZ (176 μm) was significantly greater (P < 0.01) compared to 0 HZ (4 μm). Significant increases (P < 0.05) in EMG modulation were found for all muscles during the 6 HZ compared to the 0 HZ condition. The major finding was that ≈50% of the elongation occurred within the muscle itself and was associated with preceding changes in EMG. This indicates muscle lengthening may be a prerequisite for eliciting stretch reflexes. In conclusion, there is a temporal association between EMG activity and muscle contractile tissue displacement where low‐frequency WBV results in small muscle length changes and increases muscle activation. Muscle Nerve, 2009