Immune Response to an Inactivated Vaccine of SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac) in an Indigenous Brazilian Population: A Cohort Study

• Published in: Vaccines (Basel) Vol. 12; no. 4; p. 402
• Main Authors: de Oliveira, Laís Albuquerque, de Morais, Isa Rita Brito, Barbosa, Marcelo Dos Santos, Beutinger Marchioro, Silvana, Leite Machado, Layla Oliveira Campos, Ferreira Marques, Michele, da Silva Ferreira, Tiago, de Almeida, Gabriel Barroso, de Oliveira Barbosa, Dyjaene, Leite Torres, Alex José, Simionatto, Simone
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01-04-2024
• Subjects: Analysis; Antibodies; Antibody response; Cohort analysis; CoronaVac; COVID-19; COVID-19 vaccines; Disease transmission; Drug dosages; Enzymes; Flow cytometry; Immune response; Immune response (cell-mediated); Immune response (humoral); Immune system; Immunization; Immunoglobulin G; Immunological memory; Indigenous peoples; Leukocytes (mononuclear); Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes B; Lymphocytes T; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Memory cells; Minority & ethnic groups; Monoclonal antibodies; Multiculturalism & pluralism; Native peoples; Natural killer cells; Pandemics; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Population studies; Ratios; SARS-CoV-2; Schedules; Serology; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; Software; T cells; Tobacco; Vaccination; vaccine; Vaccines; Brazil; China; Beijing China; Grand Island; United States > US; Germany; SARS-CoV-2; vaccine; CoronaVac; immune response
• ISSN: 2076-393X; 2076-393X
• DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040402

Although the adaptive immune responses to the CoronaVac vaccine are known, their dynamics in indigenous communities remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the humoral and cellular immune responses to CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech Life Sciences, 2021 NCT05225285, Beijing, China), in immunized Brazilian indigenous individuals.
We conducted a prospective cohort study on indigenous Brazilian people between February 2021 and June 2021. Analyses of immune responses were carried out before (T1) and after a vaccination schedule was completed (T2). Demographic data were collected using a questionnaire.
We initially included 328 patients; among them, 120 (36.6%) had no SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 106 patients during follow-up visits, of which 91 samples were analyzed by immunophenotyping assay to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T-cell response. Post-vaccination, the levels of memory B-cells and Natural Killer T-lymphocytes increased. Bororó village residents, females, and Terena ethnic group members had higher levels of anti-spike IgG antibodies post-vaccination, whereas alcohol and tobacco users had lower concentrations.
To our best knowledge, this was the first comprehensive assessment of antibody and T-cell responses against CoronaVac vaccination in indigenous patients. Our findings showed that antibody response and T-cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 were present in most patients following the vaccination schedule.