Late effects of sleep restriction: Potentiating weight gain and insulin resistance arising from a high‐fat diet in mice

• Published in: Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Vol. 23; no. 2; pp. 391 - 398
• Main Authors: de Oliveira, Edson Mendes, Visniauskas, Bruna, Sandri, Silvana, Migliorini, Silene, Andersen, Monica Levy, Tufik, Sergio, Fock, Ricardo Ambrósio, Chagas, Jair Ribeiro, Campa, Ana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01-02-2015
• Subjects: Adipose Tissue - metabolism; Animals; Body Weight; Diabetes; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects; Disease Models, Animal; Follow-Up Studies; Insulin; Insulin - metabolism; Insulin resistance; Insulin Resistance - physiology; Male; Metabolism; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nutrition research; Obesity; Obesity - etiology; Obesity - metabolism; Obesity - physiopathology; Rodents; Sleep; Sleep Deprivation - complications; Sleep Deprivation - metabolism; Sleep Deprivation - physiopathology; Time Factors; Weight Gain
• ISSN: 1930-7381; 1930-739X
• DOI: 10.1002/oby.20970

Objective
Epidemiological studies show the association of sleep restriction (SR) with obesity and insulin resistance. Experimental studies are limited to the concurrent or short‐term effects of SR. Here, we examined the late effects of SR regarding weight gain and metabolic alterations induced by a high‐fat diet (HFD).
Methods
C57BL/6 mice were subjected to a multiple platform method of SR for 15 days, 21 h daily, followed by 6 weeks of a 30% HFD.
Results
Just after SR, serum insulin and resistin concentrations were increased and glycerol content decreased. In addition, resistin, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 mRNA expression were notably increased in epididymal fat. At the end of the HFD period, mice previously submitted to SR gained more weight (32.3±1.0 vs. 29.4±0.7 g) with increased subcutaneous fat mass, had increments in the expression of the adipogenic genes PPARγ, C/EBPα, and C/EBPβ, and had macrophage infiltration in the epididymal adipose tissue. Furthermore, enhanced glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were also observed.
Conclusions
The consequences of SR may last for a long period, characterizing SR as a predisposing factor for weight gain and insulin resistance. Metabolic changes during SR seem to prime adipose tissue, aggravating the harmful effects of diet‐induced obesity.