Fatty acid esters of fumonisins: first evidence of their presence in maize

• Published in: Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment Vol. 30; no. 9; pp. 1606 - 1613
• Main Authors: Falavigna, Claudia, Lazzaro, Irene, Galaverna, Gianni, Battilani, Paola, Dall'Asta, Chiara
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Abingdon Taylor & Francis 01-09-2013; Taylor & Francis Ltd
• Subjects: Biological and medical sciences; Carcinogens, Environmental - analysis; Carcinogens, Environmental - chemistry; Carcinogens, Environmental - metabolism; Cereal and baking product industries; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corn; Culture Media, Conditioned - chemistry; Esterification; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids - analysis; Fatty Acids - chemistry; Fatty Acids - metabolism; Fatty Acids - secretion; Food additives; Food Contamination; Food Handling; Food industries; Food safety; Food toxicology; Fumonisins - analysis; Fumonisins - chemistry; Fumonisins - metabolism; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Fusarium - growth & development; Fusarium - isolation & purification; Fusarium - metabolism; Fusarium verticillioides; Italy; Linoleic Acid - analysis; Linoleic Acid - chemistry; Linoleic Acid - metabolism; Linoleic Acid - secretion; maize; masked fumonisins; Molecular Structure; Oleic Acid - analysis; Oleic Acid - chemistry; Oleic Acid - metabolism; Oleic Acid - secretion; Seeds - chemistry; Seeds - microbiology; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Studies; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Zea mays; Zea mays - chemistry; Zea mays - microbiology; Monocotyledones; Zea mays; masked fumonisins; Mycotoxin; Fatty ester; Corn; Lipids; Fatty acids; maize; Fungi; Toxin; Fusarium verticillioides; Gramineae; Angiospermae; Fusarium; Cereal; Spermatophyta; Fungi Imperfecti; Fumonisin
• ISSN: 1944-0049; 1944-0057
• DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2013.802839

Fumonisin derivatives obtained by esterification of fumonisin B
1
(FB
1
) with palmitic, oleic and linoleic fatty acids have been recently described, but never reported in raw maize so far. In this study, the presence of oleoyl-EFB
1
(EFB
1
OA) and linoleoyl-EFB
1
(EFB
1
LA) in raw maize is reported by means of a suitable LC-ESI-MS/MS method. In addition, the production of EFB
1
derivatives by three Fusarium verticillioides strains is described on malt extract-based media and on corn meal-based growth media. EFB
1
OA and EFB
1
LA were produced by all considered strains in corn meal medium, with EFB
1
LA > EFB
1
OA. On the contrary, EFB
1
OA and EFB
1
LA were never observed in Fusarium cultures grown on a malt extract medium, suggesting that the esterification of FB
1
can occur only in a complex matrix such as maize.