Zika virus and pregnancy in Brazil: What happened?

• Published in: Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 39 - 47
• Main Authors: Pereira, Alessandra Mendelski, Monteiro, Denise Leite Maia, Werner, Heron, Daltro, Pedro, Fazecas, Tatiana, Guedes, Bianca, Tonni, Gabriele, Peixoto, Alberto Borges, Araujo Júnior, Edward
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Istanbul Turkish-German Gynecological Association 01-03-2018; Galenos Publishing House; Galenos Publishing
• Subjects: Health risk assessment; Mosquitoes; Review; Tıp; Viral infections; Zika virus; İstanbul; Brazil; Africa; French Polynesia; microcephaly; magnetic resonance imaging; Zika virus; intrauterine infection; ultrasound
• ISSN: 1309-0399; 1309-0380
• DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.2017.0072

The recent epidemic of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Central and South America is one of the most serious global public health emergencies since the Ebola outbreak in West Africa. In Brazil, especially in the north, northeast, and southeast parts of the country, the ZIKV outbreak is a cause of concern for pregnant women because ZIKV intrauterine infection has been found to be associated with multiple brain malformations and microcephaly. In Brazil, the number of newborns with confirmed microcephaly per year recorded during the ZIKV outbreak, has been approximately 15 times greater than previously reported. Considering that the infection is self-limiting and symptomatic, it is usually diagnosed at the time of routine prenatal scan, especially in the third trimester. In other cases, the disease is detected after childbirth through neuroimaging. This study provides an insight into the history and evolution of ZIKV in Brazil, including current knowledge concerning the transmission, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of the infection. In addition, this review describes the pre- and postnatal neuroimaging findings obtained using ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography. (J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc 2018; 19: 39-47)