Acute granulomatous interstitial nephritis in a patient with metastatic melanoma on targeted therapy with dabrafenib and trametinib—A case report

• Published in: Cancer reports Vol. 5; no. 7
• Main Authors: Krelle, Anna, Mathai, Vinod Kalapurackal, Kirkland, Geoff, Nott, Louise, Jose, Matthew D., Whale, Karen
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01-07-2022; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Biopsy; cancer management; Case Report; Case Reports; Combination therapy; Creatinine; Drug dosages; Hyponatremia; Medical prognosis; Melanoma; Metastasis; Microscopy; Mutation; Patients; Side effects; Skin cancer; Steroids; Surveillance; targeted therapy; Toxicity
• ISSN: 2573-8348; 2573-8348
• DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1520

Background
Combination molecular targeted therapy with dabrafenib plus trametinib has been shown to improve progression‐free survival and overall survival in patients with BRAF V600 mutated unresectable or metastatic melanoma. In general, these agents are well tolerated. Kidney related adverse events are uncommon with only three case reports of acute interstitial nephritis and one case of a serious acute kidney injury. We report another case of interstitial nephritis related to these drugs.
Case
A 37‐year‐old man diagnosed with metastatic melanoma (BRAF V600E mutation) who developed acute interstitial nephritis 5 years into his treatment with combination dabrafenib plus trametinib therapy. He presented with an asymptomatic acute kidney injury on routine surveillance pathology with a creatinine of 174 μmol/L (from baseline 80 μmol/L) and a corresponding estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 42 ml/min/1.73 m2 (from a baseline >90 ml/min/1.73 m2) and microalbuminuria (albumin creatinine ratio [ACR] 8.5 mg/mmol). Renal biopsy revealed a granulomatous interstitial nephritis likely drug related. He was treated with prednisolone 1 mg/kg and ceased his targeted therapy with improvement in his renal function.
Conclusion
Although rare, recognition of acute interstitial nephritis, a possible serious adverse outcome due to dabrafenib and trametinib is important and needs to be incorporated into current Australian cancer therapy guidelines.