Vaccination markers: designing unique antigens to be added to vaccines to differentiate between natural infection and vaccination

• Published in: Vaccine Vol. 23; no. 17; pp. 2057 - 2059
• Main Author: ROOTBERNSTEIN, R
• Format: Journal Article Conference Proceeding
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 18-03-2005; Elsevier; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino acids; Amino Acids - immunology; Animals; Antigenic markers; Antigens; Antigens - administration & dosage; Antigens - chemistry; Antigens - genetics; Applied microbiology; Bacterial diseases; Biological and medical sciences; Biomarkers; Branding; Candidates; Cross Reactions; Cytomegalovirus; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Developed countries; DNA; Foot & mouth disease; Foot-and-mouth disease; Foot-and-Mouth Disease - immunology; Foot-and-Mouth Disease - prevention & control; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Genetic engineering; Herpes viruses; Human bacterial diseases; Humans; Immunological markers; Infections; Infectious diseases; Medical sciences; Microbiology; Peptides; Proteins; Public health; Reading; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis - immunology; Tuberculosis - prevention & control; Tuberculosis and atypical mycobacterial infections; Tuberculosis Vaccines - administration & dosage; Tuberculosis Vaccines - immunology; Vaccination - methods; Vaccines; Vaccines - administration & dosage; Vaccines - immunology; Vaccines, antisera, therapeutical immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies (general aspects); Viral Vaccines - administration & dosage; Viral Vaccines - immunology; Biomarkers; Foot-and-mouth disease; Tuberculosis; Immunological markers; Branding; Antigenic markers; Foot and mouth disease; Vaccination; Biological marker; Vaccine; Mycobacterial infection; Infection; Antigen; Viral disease; Bacteriosis; Veterinary
• ISSN: 0264-410X; 1873-2518
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.01.008

Some important vaccines, including ones against tuberculosis (Tb) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), are not used in many developed countries because there is no simple way to differentiate between vaccine-induced immunity and infection. Eliminating major protein antigens has not succeeded in the cases of Tb, FMD and some other vaccine preparations. Instead of eliminating antigens, novel antigens can be added to vaccines in order to induce a unique immunological response proving that the vaccine has been delivered. Methods for producing such unique antigens are presented and preliminary test results reported. The technique may also be useful for immunologically “branding” animals.